Fig. 5: Increased phosphorylated (p)STAT3 and expression of STAT3 target genes in the postmortem hippocampus of human subjects with AUD.

A–D Representative hippocampal sections showing immunohistochemistry with a pSTAT3 antibody (brown spots) from (A, C) control and (B, D) AUD subjects. Arrows point to examples of nuclei positive for pSTAT3. Scale bar, 50 μm. M male, F female. E Quantification of pSTAT3-positive cells in control and AUD subjects. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM, n = 10 males per group and 4 females per group. *p < 0.05 main effect of condition by two-way ANOVA (F(1, 23) = 6.7, p = 0.016). F–K Relative expression of F STAT3, G GFAP, H SOCS3, I TNFRSF1A, J TIMP1, and K OSMR by qPCR in human postmortem hippocampus of control (n = 13), AUD (n = 13), and AUD subjects with blood alcohol levels at the time of death (AUD-BAL, n = 7). *p < 0.05 when compared to control by post hoc Tukey’s test after one-way ANOVA.