Table 4 Results of bifactor models of associations between total SVD burden and slope of latent cognitive variables between age 73 and 82.

	Slope
	Standardised β (SE)	95% CI	Uncorrected p-value	FDR-corrected p-value^a
General cognitive ability	−0.204 (0.08)	−0.366, −0.042	0.014	0.112
+ age + sex	−0.224 (0.08)	−0.386, −0.062	0.007	0.085
+ age + sex + vascular risk	−0.223 (0.08)	−0.385, −0.062	0.007	0.085
+ age + sex + vascular risk + childhood cognitive ability	−0.222 (0.08)	−0.387, −0.057	0.008	0.085
Processing speed	0.057 (0.17)	−0.265, 0.380	0.728	0.971
+ age + sex	−0.067 (0.16)	−0.382, 0.249	0.678	0.943
+ age + sex + vascular risk	−0.071 (0.16)	−0.389, 0.248	0.664	0.943
+ age + sex + vascular risk + childhood cognitive ability	−0.087 (0.17)	−0.410, 0.236	0.599	0.943
Verbal memory	−0.078 (0.11)	−0.298, 0.141	0.483	0.871
+ age + sex	0.012 (0.12)	−0.223, 0.247	0.919	0.982
+ age + sex + vascular risk	0.012 (0.12)	−0.224, 0.247	0.922	0.982
+ age + sex + vascular risk + childhood cognitive ability	0.007 (0.12)	−0.231, 0.245	0.955	0.982
Visuospatial ability	0.191 (0.28)	−0.352, 0.734	0.490	0.871
+ age + sex	0.120 (0.27)	−0.399, 0.638	0.650	0.943
+ age + sex + vascular risk	0.125 (0.26)	−0.392, 0.642	0.636	0.943
+ age + sex + vascular risk + childhood cognitive ability	0.065 (0.26)	−0.444, 0.574	0.803	0.982

Each bifactor model estimates associations between SVD burden and the four cognitive variables simultaneously. Four bifactor models were run: one without covariates, then three further models including covariates in a stepwise manner. Likelihood ratio test statistic (LR) and degrees of freedom (DF) for the unadjusted model was as follows: LR = 55.3; DF = 9. CI: confidence interval; FDR: false discovery rate; SE: standard error. SVD burden-cognitive intercept associations from these models are presented in Table S4.
CI confidence interval, FDR false discovery rate, SE standard error.
^aFDR correction was conducted across results presented in this table and in Table S4.

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