Fig. 3: Clinical characteristics of different subgroups of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP). | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Clinical characteristics of different subgroups of patients with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP).

From: Identification of inflammatory subgroups of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients with HERV-W ENV antigenemia by unsupervised cluster analysis

Fig. 3

The subgroups were defined by a preceding two-step cluster analysis (see Fig. 2), revealing two main clusters (CL1 and CL2) in each diagnostic group. A Age of the disease onset (in years), defined as the age at which the first episode of psychiatric illness occurred. B Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scores. C Daily intake (mg) of chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents (available for SZ patients only). D Correlation between HERV-W IESR and daily CPZ equivalents in the HERV-W ENVpos SZ (SZ/CL2) subgroup. E Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores. All values represent means ± S.E.M. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.05 based on Tukey’s post-hoc tests for multiple comparisons following two-way ANOVA; +p < 0.05, ++p < 0.01 and +++p < 0.001, reflecting significant main effects of diagnostic group (SZ or BP, irrespective of cluster association) in two-way ANOVA.

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