Table 1 Example of major chromatin modifications and their known effects on transcription.

Epigenetic modification		Localisation	Effect on gene expression	Global effect of chronic cocaine in the NAc	Refs.
Histone PTMs	Acetylation	H3	Activation	Increase	Kumar et al. [178]; Renthal et al. [150]
	Acetylation	H4	Activation	Increase	Brami-Cherrier [174]; Kumar et al. [178]; Renthal et al. [150]
	Methylation	H3k9me3	Repression	Decrease	Maze et al. [191]
		H3K9/27me2	Repression	Increase	Renthal et al. [150]
		H3K27me3	Repression	Balance	Feng et al. [194]; Maze et al. [201]
	Phosphorylation	H3pS10	Activation	Increase (not in D2)	Bertran-Gonzalez et al. [186]; Brami-Cherrier [174]; Jordi et al. [251]
	Poly-ADP ribosylation (PAR)	H1 PAR H3 PAR	Activation	Increase	Scobie et al. [188]
	Dopaminylation	H3Q5dop	unknown	Reduced	Lepack et al. [189]
DNA methylation		5-mC predominantly at CpG sites	Repression	Unknown	Nestler [161]

Global effects of chronic cocaine exposure on histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) are indicated.

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