Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the whole study sample.

Variables	Non-close contacts (N = 1290)		Close contacts (N = 1169)		Univariable analysis			ANCOVA^c
Variables	n	%	n	%	χ²	df	p	F	df	p
Male gender	331	25.7	298	25.5	0.01	1	0.92	—	—	—
College and above	1168	90.5	1081	92.5	2.92	1	0.09	—	—	—
Occupation					139.44	2	<0.001	—	—	—
Medical workers	360	27.9	598	51.2
Other occupation	521	40.4	324	27.7
Not recorded or unemployed	409	31.7	247	21.1
Place of residence					563.44	2	<0.001	—	—	—
Wuhan city	491	38.1	967	82.7
Other areas in Hubei province	346	26.8	162	13.9
Other provinces	453	35.1	40	3.4
Living in urban (vs. rural)	1057	81.9	1096	93.8	78.60	1	<0.001	—	—	—
Living with families (vs. living alone)	1085	84.1	1007	86.1	2.00	1	0.16	—	—	—
Frequent use of mass media	952	73.8	963	82.4	26.20	1	<0.001	—	—	—
Financial loss due to COVID-19					50.09	2	<0.001	—	—	—
None or minimal	410	31.8	234	20.0
Moderate	707	54.8	706	60.4
Significant	173	13.4	229	19.6
Perception of financial status					9.69	2	0.008	—	—	—
Poor	245	19.0	175	15.0
Fair	965	74.8	936	80.1
Good	80	6.2	58	5.0
Perception of health status					33.14	2	<0.001	—	—	—
Poor	14	1.1	19	1.6
Fair	451	35.0	536	45.9
Good	825	64.0	614	52.5
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t/Z	df	p	F^c	df	p
Age (years)	33.7	11.4	37.2	10.1	8.19	2455.6^a	<0.001	—	—	—
PHQ-9 total score	4.8	4.9	5.5	5.0	4.52	—^b	<0.001	5.58	1	0.018
Overall QOL	6.7	1.3	6.4	1.3	-5.59	2399.1^a	<0.001	3.45	1	0.064
Fatigue score	3.8	2.3	4.4	2.3	6.29	—^b	<0.001	9.22	1	0.002
PCL-17 total score	22.7	7.7	24.4	8.3	5.08	2387.8^a	<0.001	2.93	1	0.087

ANCOVA analysis of covariance, COVID-19 coronavirus disease 2019, df degree of freedom, SD standard deviation, QOL quality of life, PHQ-9 patient health questionnaire—9 items, PCL-17 post-traumatic stress disorder checklist—17 items.
^aSatterthwaite corrected.
^bWilcoxon rank-sum test.
^cAdjusted for age, occupation, place of residence, living area (urban or rural), frequent use of mass media, financial loss due to COVID-19, health perception.

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