Fig. 3: The relationship between neurometabolic changes and alternations of brain functional connectome in bipolar disorder (BD) compared to MDD.

A Differences in brain functional connectome between BD and MDD. The red connections indicated increased functional connectivity (FC) between two brain regions in patients with BD, and the blue connections indicated decreased FC in BD patients. B Changes of brain neurotransmitters and their receptors and BDNF in ACC, right prefrontal lobe, and OFC of BD patients compared to MDD. Blue dots and arrows indicated decreased levels, and red dots indicated increased levels in BD patients compared to MDD. IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; OFC, orbitofrontal cortex; PFC, prefrontal cortex; HIP, hippocampus; NAA, N-Acetylaspartic acid; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor.