Fig. 3: Individual differences in effective connectivity and reaction time.

A PEB was used to model the effect of interference condition on effective connectivity on the optimal model for each group (as derived from the BMS) and its dependence on reaction time (i.e., time from stimulus onset to button press) using a random-effects analysis. B For controls, the gated modulation of SPC on the VC to AI connection explained most of the individual differences in reaction time with a large effect size (posterior estimate 15.6 Hz). The reduced model containing this gated modulation was the most probable model to explain individual differences in reaction time (posterior probability 70%). C For EP participants, the linear, additive modulations from VC to ACC and VC to SPC explained most of the reaction time variance within group with moderate effect sizes (posterior estimate 5.4 Hz and 2.5 Hz, respectively). The full model containing both these linear, additive modulations was the most probable model to explain individual differences in reaction time (posterior probability 100%).