Fig. 4: Individual differences in effective connectivity and structural connectivity.

A PEB was used to model the effect of all trials on effective connectivity on the feedforward connections common to all models and participants (as derived from the DCM) and its covariance with navigability distance of the network’s input-output (i.e., VC to AI) using a random-effects analysis. B For healthy controls, higher average effective connectivity was associated with shorter network navigability distance in the ACC to AI and VC to SPC connections. For EP participants, higher connectivity was associated with longer network navigability distance in the ACC to AI connection and shorter navigability network distance in the SPC to AI and VC to SPC connections. Note that there are opposing patterns of structural-functional coupling in the ACC to AI connection between groups, which compromises the cingulo-opercular network of the CCS.