Table 1 Sample characteristics for the CRP and fibrinogen analyses.
From: Systemic inflammation and emotional responses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Variable | CRP (n = 3574) | Fibrinogen (n = 3314) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Obs. | Mean (SD)/N (%) | Range | Obs. | Mean (SD)/N (%) | Range | ||
Age | 3574 | 67.91 (8.38) | 52–90 | 3314 | 67.87 (8.42) | 52–90 | |
Sex | Male | 1548 | 43.31% | 1439 | 43.42% | ||
Female | 2026 | 56.69% | 1875 | 56.58% | |||
Education | Higher education | 1492 | 41.75% | 1362 | 41.10% | ||
Tertiary education | 413 | 11.56% | 389 | 11.74% | |||
Secondary/primary education | 910 | 25.46% | 850 | 25.65% | |||
Alternative or no education | 759 | 21.24% | 713 | 21.51% | |||
Wealth | Lowest quintile (1) | 428 | 11.98% | 411 | 12.40% | ||
2nd Quintile | 558 | 15.61% | 514 | 15.51% | |||
3rd Quintile | 805 | 22.52% | 747 | 22.54% | |||
4th Quintile | 917 | 25.66% | 848 | 25.59% | |||
Highest quintile (5) | 866 | 24.23% | 794 | 23.96% | |||
Smoking status | Non-smoker | 2916 | 81.59% | 2701 | 81.50% | ||
Smoker | 658 | 18.41% | 613 | 18.50% | |||
Alcohol consumption | Less than daily | 2886 | 80.75% | 2680 | 80.87% | ||
Daily (5–7 per week) | 688 | 19.25% | 634 | 19.13% | |||
Physical activity (moderate/vigorous) | Sedentary (0) | 443 | 12.40% | 418 | 12.61% | ||
1 | 479 | 13.40% | 443 | 13.37% | |||
2 | 1116 | 31.23% | 1042 | 31.44% | |||
3 | 652 | 18.24% | 603 | 18.20% | |||
Active (4) | 884 | 24.73% | 808 | 24.38% | |||
Triglyceride (mmol/l) | 3574 | 1.43 (0.69) | 0.3–4.5 | 3314 | 1.43 (0.69) | 0.4–4.5 | |
HDL (mmol/l) | 3574 | 1.60 (0.47) | 0.4–4 | 3314 | 1.59 (0.47) | 0.4–4 | |
LDL (mmol/l) | 3574 | 2.91 (0.98) | 0.4–7.6 | 3314 | 2.91 (0.98) | 0.4–7.6 | |
Limiting longstanding illness | No | 2534 | 70.90% | 2329 | 70.28% | ||
Yes | 1040 | 29.10% | 985 | 29.72% | |||
COVID-19 NHS CORE symptoms | No | 3491 | 97.71% | 3231 | 97.52% | ||
Yes | 82 | 2.29% | 82 | 2.48% | |||
Hospitalization for COVID-19 | No | 3 561 | 99.66% | 3301 | 99.64% | ||
Yes | 12 | 0.34% | 12 | 0.36% | |||
CRP (log, ≤20 mg/L) | 3 574 | 0.96 (0.60) | 0.01–3.01 | - | - | - | |
CRP (≤20 mg/L) | <3 mg/L | 2 732 | 76.44% | - | - | - | |
≥3 mg/L | 842 | 23.56% | - | - | - | ||
Fibrinogen (g/L) | - | - | - | 3314 | 3.23 (0.56) | 1.6–6.5 | |
Depressive symptoms (Baseline CES-D) | 3 574 | 1.02 (1.41) | 0–7 | 3314 | 0.08 (0.26) | 0–1 | |
Depressive symptoms (Pandemic CES-D) | 3 574 | 1.56 (1.88) | 0–7 | 3314 | 0.16 (0.37) | 0–1 | |
Depressive symptoms (Baseline CES-D) | <4 | 3 317 | 92.81% | 3,067 | 92.55% | ||
≥4 | 257 | 7.19% | 247 | 7.45% | |||
Depressive symptoms (Pandemic CES-D) | <4 | 3 001 | 83.97% | 2773 | 83.68% | ||
≥4 | 573 | 16.03% | 541 | 16.32% | |||
