Fig. 3: Average skin conductance responses (SCRs) and effect of social concern in the real-life study compared to the virtual-reality (VR) study.

A Average SCRs to aversive and neutral sounds for the female sample in the alone and the social treatment groups, showing significant social buffering effects in the presence of a real person and a virtual agent. B Interaction between treatment (alone/social), study (real-life/VR) and individual social concern scores, reflecting a stronger effect of social concern on the SCRs to aversive sounds in the real-life study compared to the VR study. The values of SCRs were transformed by log (x + 1) to correct the skewness. Error bars indicate standard error. The shade area in (B) indicates 95% confidence interval. **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.