Fig. 4: Alterations in functional connectivity from the right anterior insula associated with suicide attempts in bipolar disorder.

The axial and sagittal images show regions of differences in functional connectivity from the right anterior insula (RaIns, a region of the olfactocentric paralimbic cortex (OPC)) seed region (Fig. 4a) to the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (RvlPFC) and right temporopolar regions of the OPC (Fig. 4b) using an ANCOVA analysis comparing individuals with bipolar disorder with history of suicide attempts (SA group; n = 40), individuals with bipolar disorder without suicide attempts (NSA group; n = 49) and healthy volunteers (HV; n = 51) (p < 0.05, corrected for family-wise error). Left of figure denotes left side of brain. The color bar represents the range of F values. The raincloud plot (Fig. 4c) of distribution of extracted z-values from the RaIns-RvlPFC/temporopolar cluster show the group differences resulted from lower connectivity in the SA group compared to the NSA and HV groups (p < 0.05, corrected for 3 pair-wise group comparisons).