Table 3 Summary results of the genetic covariance analyses between neuropsychiatric disorders and somatic diseases linked with insulin-resistance stratified by insulin signalling gene sets.

Gene-set name	n genes/gene set	Base phenotypes	ρ_g	SE ρ_g	p	h²_SNP (1)	h²_SNP (2)	Annotated SNPs	Total SNPs
Biocarta insulin pathway	21	AN × T2DM	−0.00042^a	0.00010	1.26 × 10^{−5 b}	0.00078	0.00050	1268	860,288
Biocarta insulin pathway	21	ASD × MetS	−0.00041	0.00010	1.96 × 10⁻⁵	0.00046	0.00068	1520	968,964
KEGG insulin signaling pathway	137	ASD × MetS	−0.00170	0.00041	3.22 × 10⁻⁵	0.00261	0.00207	11,334	968,964
PID insulin pathway	44	ASD × MetS	−0.00080	0.00018	1.25 × 10⁻⁵	0.00012	0.00105	4319	968,964
PID insulin pathway	44	BD × T2DM	−0.00057^a	0.00013	9.60 × 10^{−6 b}	0.00054	0.00121	4575	1,026,853
PID insulin pathway	44	BD × MetS	−0.00076^a	0.00018	2.03 × 10^{−5 b}	0.00054	0.00109	4580	1,027,553
PID insulin pathway	44	SCZ × MetS	−0.00141	0.00032	1.32 × 10⁻⁵	0.00155	0.00117	4836	1,049,783
Reactome insulin processing	27	AN × T2DM	0.00059^a	0.00014	3.77 × 10^{−5 b}	0.00216	0.00153	2742	860,288
Reactome regulation of insulin secretion	77	ADHD × MetS	0.00174	0.00045	1.18 × 10⁻⁴	0.00287	0.00156	9850	986,120
Reactome insulin receptor recycling	26	AD × Obesity	−0.00079^a	0.00019	4.61 × 10^{−5 b}	0.00009	−0.00033	2138	942,664
Reactome insulin receptor recycling	26	OCD × MetS	−0.00124	0.00028	7.5 × 10⁻⁶	0.00316	0.00074	2132	1,019,413
Reactome insulin receptor recycling	26	OCD × T2DM	−0.00100	0.00026	1.6 × 10⁻⁴	0.00304	0.00128	2130	1,019,648

Results are only reported for phenotype pairs when the stratified genetic covariance estimates were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction (p < 2.06 × 10⁻⁴).
AD Alzheimer’s disease, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, AN anorexia nervosa, ASD autism spectrum disorder, BD bipolar disorder, OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder, SCZ schizophrenia, MetS metabolic syndrome, T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SNPs single nucleotide polymorphisms, ρ_g genetic covariance estimate, SE ρ_g standard error of the estimate of ρ_g, p p-value from the statistical test for genetic covariance, r_g genetic correlation estimate, h²_SNP (1) SNP-based heritability estimate for the first phenotype, h²_SNP (2) SNP-based heritability estimate for the second phenotype.
^aρ_g corrected: genetic covariance estimates with sample overlap correction.
^bp corrected: p-value from the statistical test for genetic covariance with sample overlap correction.

Search