Fig. 4: Task induced activity and relationship with depression scores.

a Event related spectral perturbation (ERSP) maps. Top panel: left habenula; bottom panel: right habenula. Significant cluster bounded by black outline tested with permutation testing. Group mean of the significant ERSP clusters showing significant differences between valence conditions on t-tests. Errors bars indicate stand error of mean. Bonferroni correction *P < .017. Pos—positive, Neg—negative. b Left: significant negative correlation of significant alpha cluster of right habenula activity for positive stimuli and Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) i.e., greater depressive symptoms associated with greater habenula alpha event-related desynchronization (ERD) (or decrease in alpha power) in response to pleasant stimuli; right: no significant relationship was observed between the alpha ERSP significant cluster with HAMD scores for negative stimuli. Bonferroni correction at **P < 0.0083 (correlation coefficient of gamma and beta cluster for left habenula activity was also tested and thus multiple correction applied for 6 tests considering beta and gamma clusters for left habenula activity, see Supplementary Fig. 2).