Fig. 5: Network analyses of changed microbiome, DG in PFC and host phenotype interactions.

The microbial species changed in DL were identified by LDA (LDA > 2), including14 bacterial and 33 viral species. Host-microbiota interaction network was built from Spearman’s non-parametric rank correlation coefficient (P < 0.05), and showed with coefficient >0.70 or <−0.70. Blue circles and V triangles indicate the altered bacteria and virus respectively, green rhombus indicate the DG species in PFC and red rhombus indicated the depressive behaviors. Edge-weighted Spring-Embedded Layout was used to cluster nodes in accordance with coefficient. In result, there were 3 clusters correlated with the behaviors that represent negative emotions and unhealthy effects (huddle and sit alone), mainly focused on bacterial family Prevotellaceae and viral families Myoviridae and Siphoviridae. There were 4 clusters correlated with behaviors that represent positive and healthy emotions (locomotion and communication), mainly focused on bacterial families Gemella and Streptococcaceae and viral families Podoviridae and Siphoviridae. No clusters correlated with amicable behavior that represents positive and healthy emotions. Red and blue lines indicate the correlation coefficient and the color depth was consistent with the coefficient (−0.70 – 0.70).