Table 1 Baseline Demographic, Military Service and Clinical Characteristics.

From: Enhancing exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): a randomized clinical trial of virtual reality and imaginal exposure with a cognitive enhancer

	All N = 192		VRE n = 97		PE n = 95		p value	DCS n = 95		Placebo n = 97		p value
Demographic characteristics
Age M (SD)	34.62	7.80	34.29	7.32	34.96	8.30	0.556	34.97	8.17	34.27	7.45	0.538
Male n (%)	172	89.6	88	90.7	84	88.4	0.602	83	87.4	89	91.8
Ethnicity/Race n (%)							0.975					0.676
White	88	45.8	46	47.4	42	44.2		41	43.2	47	48.5
African American/Black	29	15.1	14	14.4	15	15.8		14	14.7	15	15.5
Hispanic/Latino	53	27.6	26	26.8	27	28.4		30	31.6	23	23.7
Other	22	11.5	11	11.3	11	11.6		10	10.5	12	12.4
Education n (%)							0.479					0.685
High school or GED	29	15.1	17	17.5	12	12.6		12	12.6	17	17.5
Some college/training	104	54.2	54	55.7	50	52.6		52	54.7	52	53.6
College graduate	33	17.2	13	13.4	20	21.1		16	16.8	17	17.5
More than college	26	13.5	13	13.4	13	13.7		15	15.8	11	11.3
Relationship status n (%)							0.915					0.749
Single	59	30.7	30	30.9	29	30.5		27	28.4	32	33.3
Married/Live w/significant other	100	52.1	49	51.0	51	53.7		52	54.7	48	50.0
Separated/Divorced/Widowed	33	17.2	17	18.5	15	15.8		16	16.8	16	16.7
Military characteristics
Military service n (%)							0.119					0.492
OEF only	39	20.3	25	64.1	14	35.9		16	41.0	23	59.0
OIF only	86	44.8	38	44.2	48	55.8		44	51.2	42	48.8
Both OEF and OIF	67	34.9	34	50.7	33	49.3		35	52.2	32	47.8
Branch of the Armed Forces n (%)							0.357					0.787
Army	113	58.9	62	54.9	51	45.1		56	49.6	57	50.4
Marines	55	28.6	26	47.3	29	52.7		26	47.3	29	52.7
Navy	15	7.8	5	33.3	10	66.7		8	53.3	7	46.7
Air Force	8	4.2	3	37.5	5	62.5		5	62.5	3	37.5
Other	1	0.5	1	100	0	0		0	0	1	100
Number of deployments n (%)							0.198					0.576
1	68	35.4	38	55.9	30	44.1		35	51.5	33	48.5
2	66	34.4	33	50.0	33	50		32	48.5	34	51.5
3	26	13.5	15	57.7	11	42.3		10	38.5	16	61.5
4 or more	32	16.7	11	34.4	21	65.6		18	56.3	14	43.8
Months in theater M (SD)	19.19	13.48	17.79	10.57	20.62	15.85	0.149	19.31	14.94	19.08	11.97	0.909
Active duty n (%)	46	24	22	47.8	24	52.2	0.675	23	50.0	23	50.0	0.935
Clinical characteristics
Past PTSD treatment n (%)	118	61.5	58	49.2	60	50.8	0.632	57	48.3	61	51.7	0.681
Traumatic Brain Injury n (%)	65	34.6	34	35.0	31	32.9	0.804	32	33.7	33	34.0	0.953
Concussion n (%)	57	29.7	25	25.8	32	33.7	0.230	28	29.5	29	29.9	0.949
Physical or sexual trauma n (%)	124	65.3	65	67.0	59	63.4	0.605	59	62.8	65	67.7	0.474
Baseline MDD n (%)	104	54.2	54	51.9	50	48.1	0.673	52	50.0	52	50.0	0.875
Baseline SSRI n (%)	45	23.4	16	16.5	29	30.5	0.022	23	24.2	22	22.7	0.802
Alcohol Abuse n (%)	46	24.0	25	25.8	21	22.1	0.552	20	21.1	26	26.8	0.351
Substance Abuse n (%)	12	6.3	5	5.2	7	7.4	0.526	6	6.3	6	6.2	0.970

P values are based on independent samples t-tests or chi-squared tests (p < 0.05 are bolded). Alcohol and substance abuse include participants meeting MINI criteria for abuse (past 12 months) and dependence (past 12 months but not past 3 months). Lifetime Traumatic Brain Injury was self-reported. Concussion information was self-reported as head trauma involving loss of consciousness for more than 5 minutes. TBI was Abbreviations: VRE virtual reality exposure therapy, PE prolonged imaginal exposure therapy, DCS D-Cycloserine, MDD major depressive disorder, SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, CAPS-IV Clinician Administered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale for DSM-IV, OEF and OIF Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.

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Table 1 Baseline Demographic, Military Service and Clinical Characteristics.

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