Table 2 Behavioural and cognitive outcomes in toddlers.
From: Maternal depressive symptoms, neonatal white matter, and toddler social-emotional development
Characteristic | Whole sample (n = 311) | High EPDS (n = 35) | Low EPDS (n = 276) |
|---|---|---|---|
IMD 18 months, median (range) | 25.26 (1.55–61.37); n = 292 | 25.05 (5.06–53.18); n = 33 | 25.26 (1.55–61.37); n = 259 |
quintile, N (%) | |||
1 (least deprived) | 28 (9.6%) | 2 (6.1%) | 26 (10.0%) |
2 | 32 (11.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | 29 (11.2%) |
3 | 52 (17.8%) | 4 (12.1%) | 48 (18.5%) |
4 | 110 (37.7%) | 15 (45.5%) | 95 (36.7%) |
5 (most deprived) | 70 (24.0%) | 9 (27.3%) | 61 (23.6%) |
Corrected age, months, median (range) | 18 (17–24) | 18 (17–24) | 18 (17–24) |
CBCL total T-score, median (range) | 46 (28–69) | 52 (37–66) | 46 (28–69) |
N (%), Normal (≤64) | 301 (96.8%) | 32 (91.4%) | 269 (97.5%) |
Borderline | 10 (3.2%) | 3 (8.6%) | 7 (2.5%) |
Clinical (≥70) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
CBCL Int. T-score, median (range) | 43 (29–72) | 49 (29–70) | 43 (29–72) |
CBCL Ext. T-score, median (range) | 48 (28–70) | 54 (28–65) | 47 (28–70) |
Q-CHAT Total, median (range) | 29 (8–59) | 32 (20–52) | 28 (8–59) |
N (%), Normal | 272 (87.5%) | 27 (77.1%) | 245 (88.8%) |
High (≥39) | 39 (12.5%) | 8 (22.9%) | 31 (11.2%) |
BSID-III Cog. Comp., median (range) | 100 (70–125) | 100 (70–120) | 100 (70–125) |
N (%), Normal (>85) | 291 (93.6%) | 32 (91.4%) | 259 (93.8%) |
Mild | 20 (6.4%) | 3 (8.6%) | 17 (6.2%) |
Mod/severe (<70) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Home environment, median (range) | 21 (7–28); n = 305 | 20 (12–28) | 21 (7–28); n = 270 |
Dysfunctional parenting, median (range) | 2.90 (1.43–4.20); n = 308 | 3.20 (2.37–4) | 2.83 (1.43–4.20); n = 273 |
