Fig. 2: Brain abnormalities of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) relative to controls and their corresponding functioning.

Clusters were exhibited in the sagittal, axial, and coronal planes at p < 0.001, z > 1, and cluster size > 10 voxels. Increased GMV patterns (SUDs) were shown in orange while decreased patterns (ADHD) in blue. Results of functional decoding presented contribution of each behavioral domain to each suprathreshold cluster. L Left, R Right, preCG Precentral gyrus, SFG Superior frontal gyrus, IFG Inferior frontal gyrus.