Table 1 Regional differences of gray matter volume in and across attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/substance use disorders (SUDs) group^a.

Contrast/Brain region	MNI coordinate	SDM-Z	P-value	Cluster size	BA
ADHD vs. HC
ADHD < HC
L precentral gyrus	–40, –6, 56	−2.924	0.0002	94	6
L superior frontal gyrus	−12, 54, 14	−3.194	<0.0001	69	10/32
L inferior frontal gyrus	−26, 16, −24	−3.003	<0.0001	50	38
R superior frontal gyrus	28, 66, −4	−2.882	0.0002	35	11
SUDs vs. HC
SUDs > HC
L putamen	−26, 10, 6	1.926	<0.0001	530	48/47
ADHD vs. SUDs
ADHD > SUDs
R inferior parietal lobule	54, −28, 52	1.779	0.0005	12	1/2
ADHD < SUDs
L putamen/insula	−28, 22, 0	−2.028	0.0003	271	47/48
L precentral gyrus	−40, −6, 54	−2.066	0.0002	187	6

^aSignificant clusters were identified at p < 0.001 and cluster size > 10 voxels.
BA Brodmann area, L Left, R Right, MNI Montreal Neurological Institute.

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