Table 2 Generalized linear models for associations of PTSD and other psychiatric disorders with 60-day hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection (n = 228,367).

From: Post-traumatic stress disorder and risk for hospitalization and death following COVID-19 infection

 

Model 1

Model 2

 

RR (95% CI)

p-value

RR (95% CI)

p-value

Outcome: 60-day hospitalizations following COVID-19 infection (n = 34, 354 cases)

 PTSD

1.18 (1.15, 1.21)

<0.0001

1.09 (1.06, 1.12)

<0.0001

 Other psychiatric disorders

1.34 (1.31, 1.37)

<0.0001

1.22 (1.19, 1.24)

<0.0001

 No psychiatric disorders

Ref.

Ref.

PTSD vs. other psychiatric disorders

0.88 (0.86, 0.91)

<0.0001

0.90 (0.87, 0.92)

<0.0001

Outcome: 60-day deaths following COVID-19 infection (n = 13, 661 cases)

 PTSD

1.13 (1.08, 1.19)

<0.0001

1.08 (1.03, 1.13)

0.001

 Other psychiatric disorders

1.23 (1.18, 1.27)

<0.0001

1.14 (1.10, 1.19)

<0.0001

 No psychiatric disorders

Ref.

Ref.

PTSD vs. other psychiatric disorders

0.92 (0.88, 0.97)

0.002

0.94 (0.90, 0.99)

0.015

  1. Model 1: age, age squared, sex, race, and ethnicity.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 plus obese status, diabetes, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, and smoking.
  3. RR relative risk, CI confidence intervals, PTSD post-traumatic stress disorder.