Fig. 2: Circos-plot to visualize relationships between LTCs in different multimorbidity patterns and dementia risk.

After adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, physical activity, smoking, and APOE4 status, 18 of the 29 individual LTCs at baseline were associated with an increased risk of ACD. Seven LTCs were associated with a higher incidence of AD, and 24 LTCs were associated with a higher incidence of VD. Analyses were performed by Cox proportional hazard regression. LTC long-term condition, ACD all-cause dementia, AD Alzheimer’s disease, VD vascular dementia, IHD ischemic heart disease, OA osteoarthritis, AF atrial fibrillation, CVD cerebrovascular disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CB chronic bronchitis, BMI body mass index, APOE4 apolipoprotein E4.