Table 1 Baseline characteristics of UKB participants stratified by incident dementia status.

From: Association between multimorbidity status and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 245,483 participants

Variables

All participants (n = 245,483)

No incident dementia (n = 240,360)

Incident ACD (n = 5123)

P-value

Incident AD (n = 2228)

P-value

Incident VD (n = 1234)

P-value

Age, mean (SD), y

62.32 (4.08)

62.26 (4.07)

65.07 (3.50)

<0.001b

65.21 (3.35)

<0.001b

65.26 (3.43)

<0.001b

Female, n (%)

130,497 (53.16)

128,127 (53.31)

2370 (46.26)

<0.001c

1144 (51.35)

0.065c

500 (40.52)

<0.001c

Higher education a, where reported, n (%)

103,005 (57.48)

101,364 (57.55)

1641 (53.42)

<0.001c

683 (51.55)

<0.001c

345 (50.51)

<0.001c

BMI, where reported, mean (SD), kg/m2

27.78 (4.75)

27.78 (4.74)

27.89 (5.00)

0.120b

27.41 (4.75)

<0.001b

28.66 (5.14)

<0.001b

Physical activity, where reported, mean (SD), MET-min/week

2684.33 (2718.95)

2685.45 (2715.30)

2627.95 (2897.18)

0.230b

2870.32 (3008.37)

0.014b

2463.86 (2744.87)

0.015b

Smoking status, where reported, n (%)

   

<0.001c

 

0.018c

 

<0.001c

 Current

22,679

22,142

537

—

202

—

147

—

 Previous

99,628

97,386

2242

—

961

—

569

—

 Never

121,536

119,256

2280

—

1036

—

498

—

APOE4 carriers, where reported, n (%)

6,1372 (28.49)

59,015 (27.96)

2357 (54.23)

<0.001c

1207 (63.06)

<0.001c

526 (50.82)

<0.001c

LTC counts, n (%)

   

<0.001c

 

<0.001c

 

<0.001c

 0

107,660 (43.86)

105,910 (44.06)

1750 (34.16)

—

827 (37.12)

—

314 (25.45)

—

 1

54,153 (22.06)

53,176 (22.12)

977 (19.07)

—

433 (19.43)

—

219 (17.75)

—

 2

34,741 (14.15)

33,968 (14.13)

773 (15.09)

—

350 (15.71)

—

181 (14.67)

—

 3

20,299 (8.27)

19,771 (8.23)

528 (10.31)

—

211 (9.47)

—

141 (11.43)

—

 4 or more

28,630 (11.66)

27,535 (11.46)

1095 (21.37)

—

407 (18.27)

—

379 (30.71)

—

Multimorbidity patterns, n (%)

   

<0.001c

 

<0.001c

 

<0.001c

 Healthy

107,660 (43.86)

105,910 (44.06)

1750 (34.16)

—

827 (37.12)

—

314 (25.45)

—

 Pattern A (obesity accompanied with other disorders)

46,172 (18.81)

45,205 (18.81)

967 (18.88)

—

359 (16.11)

—

284 (23.01)

—

 Pattern B (cardio-cerebrovascular/respiratory/metabolic/musculoskeletal/depressive disorders)

24,504 (9.98)

23,545 (9.80)

959 (18.72)

—

385 (17.28)

—

304 (24.64)

—

 Pattern C (tumor/genitourinary/digestive disorders)

67,147 (27.35)

65,700 (27.33)

1447 (28.25)

—

657 (29.49)

—

332 (26.90)

—

  1. Data presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables and number (%) for categorical variables. Among incident dementia cases, ACD, AD, and VD were treated as separate outcomes.
  2. UKB UK Biobank, ACD all-cause dementia, AD Alzheimer’s disease, VD vascular dementia, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent, APOE4 apolipoprotein E4, LTC long-term condition.
  3. aHigher education refers to “with college/university degree or other professional qualification”.
  4. bComparisons between incident dementia group and no incident dementia group were performed via the t-test b or
  5. cChi-square test.
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