Table 2 Associations between maternal preconception circulating biomarker levels and Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) scores (Model 2).

Cluster	Biomarker	CBCL outcome	BKMR^a (N = 109)				Linear regression (complete data, N = 117)
			Cluster PIP	Conditional PIP	Estimate^b	SE	Beta	SE	P-value	95% CI
8	Flavin monophosphate	Internalizing	0.828	0.624	0.189	0.243	0.177	0.102	0.084	−0.024 to 0.377
8	Riboflavin	Internalizing	0.828	0.376	0.115	0.217	0.182	0.093	0.049	0.001 to 0.364
9	Thiamine	Internalizing	0.768	0.775	0.220	0.231	0.312	0.089	5.0 × 10^–4	0.136 to 0.487
9	Thiamine monophosphate	Internalizing	0.768	0.110	0.025	0.101	0.241	0.095	0.011	0.054 to 0.428
9	Pyridoxal phosphate	Internalizing	0.768	0.049	0.004	0.033	0.149	0.095	0.118	−0.038 to 0.336
9	Pyridoxic acid	Internalizing	0.768	0.037	0.003	0.028	0.146	0.090	0.105	−0.030 to 0.323
9	Pyridoxal	Internalizing	0.768	0.030	0.000	0.015	0.096	0.084	0.256	−0.070 to 0.261

BKMR Bayesian kernel machine regression, CBCL Child Behaviour Checklist, CI confidence interval, PIP posterior inclusion probability, Rhat potential scale reduction factor, SE standard error.
^aBKMR analysis for each CBCL outcome was performed by simultaneously accounting for 67 biomarkers (11 clusters). This table presents the associations that meet the following criteria: (1) Cluster PIP is greater than 0.75; (2) Conditional PIP for one biomarker in the corresponding cluster is greater than 0.5; (3) MCMC effective sample sizes are greater than 100 for all biomarkers in the cluster; and (4) Rhat (potential scale reduction factor) are smaller than 1.1 for all biomarkers in the cluster. Model 2 adjusted for child sex, age at CBCL assessment, maternal ethnicity, mother’s highest education, household income, maternal age at preconception visit, nulliparity, maternal preconception body-mass index, gestational age at birth, and maternal preconception mental health score.
^bEffect estimates from BKMR indicate the difference in the mean outcome when a single exposure is fixed at its 75th percentile as compared to when it is fixed at its 25th percentile when all of the other exposures are fixed at their median value.

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