Table 1 (a) Demographics and diagnoses by past SUD; (b) clinical characteristics by past SUD.

From: Subtypes in addiction and their neurobehavioral profiles across three functional domains

 

Past SUD (any) (N = 173)

Past AUD (N = 75)

Past CUD (N = 30)

Past multi-UD (MUD) (N = 68)

Controls (N = 420)

(a)

     

Gender: M/F

78/94***

24/51

15/15**

39/29***

115/305

Age (years)

40.1 (13)

40.4 (12.7)

34.4 (13.1)

42.3 (12.7)*

38.0 (13.3)

Race (White/African American/Other)

108/46/19**

51/17/7

16/10/4*

41/18/9 *

316/68/36

Education—years completed

14.7 (2.1)***

14.6 (2)

13.8 (2)***

14.6 (2.2)**

15.4 (2.1)

Current smoker (# participants)

33***

11*

8***

14***

28

Tobacco (including smokeless) use—times using/day

3.3 (12.6)***

3.8 (18.1)**

2.9 (5.0)**

3.0 (6.1)***

0.9 (3.3)

Past 6 months days drunk (# days)

4.1 (8.7)*

4.4 (7.0)*

2.1 (3.1)

4.7 (11.6)*

2.5 (7.4)

Past 6 months nonmedicinal substance use (# days)

8.8 (27.0)***

2.5 (6.7)

20.8 (45.9)***

10.5 (28.2)***

2.7 (15.4)

# Past internalizing disorders (%)

0.36 (0.61)*

0.39 (0.61)

0.5 (0.73)*

0.23 (0.54)

0.25 (0.53)

Anxiety (N)

0

0

0

0

1

Phobia (N)

3

0

2

1

4

Panic disorder (N)

5

2

1

2

10

Obsessive compulsive disorder (N)

1

1

0

0

4

Depression or dysthymic disorder (N)

45

21

9

15

72

Eating disorder or body dysmorphia (N)

4

3

1

0

4

Posttraumatic stress disorder (N)

3

2

1

0

9

# Past externalizing disorders (%)

0.05 (0.21)

0.01 (0.12)

0.07 (0.25)

0.07 (0.26)**

0.02 (0.14)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N)

9

1

2

6

6

Bipolar disorder (N)

2

0

0

2

0

Other psychosis (e.g., schizophrenia) (N)

0

0

0

0

0

# Current internalizing disorders (%)

0.23 (0.56)

0.25 (0.64)

0.023 (0.50)

0.21 (0.51)

0.15 (0.47)

Anxiety (N)

15

5

4

6

15

Phobia (N)

6

3

1

2

14

Panic disorder (N)

3

1

2

0

3

Obsessive compulsive disorder (N)

3

1

0

2

4

Depression or dysthymic disorder (N)

12

7

1

5

20

Eating disorder or body dysmorphia (N)

3

2

0

1

4

Posttraumatic stress disorder (N)

6

3

0

3

6

# Current externalizing disorders (%)

0.04 (0.20)*

0.01 (0.12)

0.07 (0.25)*

0.06 (0.24)

0.03 (0.17)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (N)

7

1

2

4

11

Bipolar disorder (N)

1

0

1

0

0

Other psychosis (e.g., schizophrenia) (N)

0

0

0

0

2

(b)

ASR: Anxious/Depressed (past 6 months)

55.2 (7.7)**

55.5 (7.7)*

55.8 (9.0)

54.7 (7.1)

53.5 (6.8)

ASR: Withdrawn (past 6 months)

54.4 (6.5)

54.2 (6.9)

56.0 (7.3)*

53.8 (5.7)

53.4 (6.3)

ASR: Somatic Complaints (past 6 months)

55.2 (6.0)**

54.3 (5.3)

55.1 (5.9)

56.3 (6.7)***

53.5 (6.0)

ASR: Thought Problems (past 6 months)

53.0 (5.1)*

53.1 (5.1)

54.1 (5.9)*

52.5 (4.8)

52.0 (5.0)

ASR: Attention Problems (past 6 months)

55.6 (7.0)*

56.2 (7.3)*

55.4 (6.4)

55.0 (7.1)

54.1 (6.7)

ASR: Aggressive Behavior (past 6 months)

53.9 (5.4)**

53.8 (4.8)*

53.0 (5.1)

54.5 (6.0)**

52.6 (5.3)

ASR: Rule-Breaking Behavior (past 6 months)

55.8 (6.4)***

55.7 (6.6)***

56.3 (6.4)**

55.7 (6.4)**

53.1 (5.7)

ASR: Intrusive (past 6 months)

53.0 (4.3)

53.1 (4.4)

51.8 (3.4)

53.3 (4.6)

52.4 (4.9)

Beck Depression Inventory Total (past 2 weeks)

7.8 (7.6)***

8.1 (7.6)**

8.2 (9.2)

7.3 (6.9)

5.5 (6.7)

Trauma Symptom Checklist (past 2 months)

24.6 (15.4)***

24.5 (15.3)***

23.6 (15.5)*

25.0 (15.8)***

18.5 (13.3)

CAARS: Inattention/Memory Problems

48.3 (9.8)

48.5 (9.8)

47.7 (10.1)

48.3 (9.7)

47.2 (8.9)

CAARS: Hyperactivity/Restlessness

48.6 (8.7)***

48.4 (9.5)**

47.1 (8.9)

49.4 (7.6)***

45.8 (7.6)

CAARS: Impulsivity/Emotional Liability

48.2 (7.7)***

48.3 (7.4)***

47.7 (9.0)*

48.2 (7.4)***

45.0 (7.0)

CAARS: Problems with Self-Concept

49.0 (9.9)***

49.6 (10.2)**

48.4 (11.5)

48.6 (8.8)*

46.1 (8.8)

CAARS: ADHD Index

48.3 (9.6)***

48.3 (9.6)**

47.4 (11.0)

48.8 (9.2)***

45.0 (8.1)

  1. SUD substance use disorder, AUD alcohol use disorder, CUD cannabis use disorder, MUD multi use disorders, ASR Adult Self Report, CAARS Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales.
  2. For Table (a), MUD included N = 60 alcohol, 6 amphetamine, 54 cannabis, 27 cocaine, 5 hallucinogenic, 1 inhalant, 3 opioid, 1 phencyclidine, 2 sedative/hypnotic, 1 polysubstance undefined.
  3. Mean (SD); bold font with asterisk denotes that Use Disorder group differs from Controls; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
  4. For Table (b), scores from clinical assessments.
  5. Independent samples t test was used to compare each Use Disorder group to Controls.
  6. Columns 2–4: bold font with asterisk denotes significant difference to Controls; p < 0.05*, p < 0.01**, p < 0.001***.