Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by antidepressant status before and during pregnancy.
Unexposed to AD (n = 449) | AD discontinuers (n = 346) | AD continuers (n = 522) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal sociodemographic | |||
Age at conception (years); mean (sd) | 28.6 (5.2) | 27.5 (5.2) | 28.8 (5.0) |
Primiparity; n (%) | 205 (45.7) | 207 (59.8) | 266 (51.0) |
Missing | na | na | 10 (1.9) |
Marital status; n (%) | |||
Married or cohabiting | 331 (73.7) | 239 (69.1) | 370 (70.9) |
Not married or cohabiting or missing | 118 (26.3) | 107 (30.9) | 152 (29.1) |
Attained educational levela; n (%) | |||
Lower than University/College or missing | 306 (68.2) | 265 (76.6) | 377 (72.2) |
University/College | 143 (31.8) | 81 (23.4) | 145 (27.8) |
Maternal income quintilea; n (%) | |||
Quintile 1 or missing | 47 (10.4) | 44 (12.7) | 55 (10.5) |
Quintile 2 | 139 (31.0) | 112 (32.4) | 131 (25.1) |
Quintile 3 | 118 (26.3) | 104 (30.1) | 168 (32.2) |
Quintile 4 | 91 (20.3) | 60 (17.3) | 117 (22.4) |
Quintile 5 | 54 (12.0) | 26 (7.5) | 51 (9.8) |
Occupationa | |||
Employed | 202 (45.0) | 137 (39.6) | 244 (46.7) |
Unemployed or missing | 10 (2.2) | 5 (1.4) | 16 (3.1) |
Outside labour force | 139 (31.0) | 138 (40.0) | 168 (32.2) |
Student | 98 (21.8) | 66 (19.1) | 94 (18.0) |
Smoking during pregnancy (yes); n (%) | 71 (15.8) | 87 (25.1) | 124 (23.8) |
Missing | 15 (3.3) | 6 (1.7) | 11 (2.1) |
Calendar year of delivery; n (%) | |||
1998–2002 | 41 (9.1) | 36 (10.4) | 35 (6.7) |
2003–2006 | 47 (10.5) | 41 (11.8) | 63 (12.1) |
2007–2011 | 136 (30.3) | 94 (27.2) | 197 (37.7) |
2012–2015 | 225 (50.1) | 175 (50.6) | 227 (43.5) |
Place of residence at delivery; n (%) | |||
Capital | 87 (19.4) | 55 (15.9) | 97 (18.6) |
Suburb of the capital | 61 (13.6) | 46 (13.3) | 55 (10.5) |
Municipalities having a town with more than 100,000 inhabitants | 74 (16.5) | 39 (11.3) | 96 (18.4) |
Municipalities having a town with between 10,000 and 100,000 inhabitants | 116 (25.8) | 108 (31.2) | 131 (25.1) |
Other municipalities in Denmark or missing | 111 (24.7) | 98 (28.3) | 143 (27.4) |
Born in Denmark; n (%) | 413 (92.0) | 307 (88.7) | 484 (92.7) |
Maternal mental health | |||
Maternal psychiatric history excluding OCDb (yes); n (%) | 176 (39.2) | 152 (43.9) | 284 (54.4) |
Familial psychiatric historyc (yes); n (%) | 132 (29.4) | 84 (24.3) | 159 (30.5) |
Missing | 23 (5.1) | 23 (6.6) | 22 (4.2) |
Inpatient psychiatric treatmentd (yes); n (%) | 89 (19.8) | 108 (31.2) | 191 (36.6) |
Outpatient psychiatric treatmentd (yes); n (%) | 433 (96.4) | 344 (99.4) | 507 (97.1) |
Dispensing of other medications in first trimester (yes); n (%) | |||
Benzodiazepines/z-hypnotics | na | 5 (1.4) | 29 (5.6) |
Antipsychotics | na | 9 (2.6) | 27 (5.2) |
Antiepileptics | 5 (1.1) | 5 (1.4) | 18 (3.4) |
Opioid analgesics | na | 5 (1.4) | 8 (1.5) |
Medication use during pregnancy; n (%) | |||
SSRI use during pregnancy | – | – | 472 (90.4) |
SNRI use during pregnancy | – | – | 48 (9.2) |
Other antidepressants used during pregnancy | – | – | 27 (5.2) |
Polytherapy during pregnancy | – | – | 24 (4.6) |
Mental health of the partner and child characteristics | |||
Paternal psychiatric history at delivery (yes); n (%) | 54 (12.0) | 66 (19.1) | 75 (14.4) |
Missing | 27 (6.0) | 20 (5.8) | 18 (3.4) |
Paternal antidepressant used (yes); n (%) | 56 (12.5) | 33 (9.5) | 73 (14.0) |
Missing | 27 (6.0) | 20 (5.8) | 18 (3.4) |
Infant sex (male); n (%) | 231 (51.4) | 164 (47.4) | 266 (51.0) |
Gestational age (days); mean (sd) | 276.9 (13.6) | 277.0 (13.8) | 273.8 (12.9) |
Preterm birth; n (%) | 28 (6.2) | 23 (6.6) | 48 (9.2) |
