Fig. 3: Network models of pre-pandemic resilience factors and individual intercepts for psychopathological symptoms, COVID-19-related rumination, and stress-related growth.

Network model of pre-pandemic resilience factors and individual intercepts for psychopathological symptoms (a), COVID-19-related rumination (b), and stress-related growth (c) along with strength centrality. Absolute values of partial correlations. Blue lines indicate positive relationships, red lines negative relationships. Wider lines represent stronger associations. The predictability of nodes is indicated by the gray parts of the circles surrounding each node. AcC = active coping; C_I = individual intercepts for the respective mental health outcome; EmS = emotional support (coping); Hard = hardiness; LoIn = internal locus of control; Opt = optimism; PoR = positive reframing (coping); PS = psychopathological symptoms; Res = dispositional resilience; Rum = COVID-19-related rumination; SE = self-efficacy; SOC = sense of coherence; SOM = sense of mastery; SOS = social support.