Fig. 1: Analysis of maternal behavior after prenatal stress exposure. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 1: Analysis of maternal behavior after prenatal stress exposure.

From: Vulnerability and resilience to prenatal stress exposure: behavioral and molecular characterization in adolescent rats

Fig. 1

Maternal behavior was assessed every other day from PND1 to PND9 in control (CT) and stressed dams (PNS). The following parameters were measured: maternal behaviors directed to the pups or self-directed (A), arched-back nursing (B), licking and grooming (C), passive nursing (D), and nest exits (E). The total number of observations are shown in each panel. As for arched-back nursing and nest exits data are also shown across the observation period (panels F and G, respectively). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM of an average of observations from all days (panels A, B, C, and D) or from each day (panels F and G), n = 6–9 per group. Statistical analysis for panel (A): Effect of behavior direction p < 0.0001 (two-way ANOVA), independently of gestational exposure. Statistical analysis for panels (B–D): **p < 0.01, Student’s t-test. Statistical analysis for panels (F) and (G): area under the curve (AUC) for CT x PNS, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001; multiple t tests, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

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