Fig. 3: KP main metabolites.

Plasma levels of kynurenic acid (KA, A), anthranilic acid (AA, B), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK, C), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA, D), quinolinic acid (QA, E), and picolinic acid (PA, F) in controls (n = 106) and individuals with ASD (n = 90). G Relationship between plasma QA and 3-HAA in controls (n = 106) and individuals with ASD (n = 90). H 3-HAO activity estimated by the (PA + QA)/3-HAA ratio in controls (n = 106) and individuals with ASD (n = 90). I ACMSD activity estimated by the PA/QA ratio in controls (n = 106) and individuals with ASD (n = 90). Intergroup comparisons were performed using the sum-rank Wilcoxon test. The correlation was calculated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient (ρ).