Fig. 3: Brain Stimulation During Imaging for Target Engagement and Symptom Improvement.

In the First Row, several potential imaging data points for use in brain stimulation targeting are proposed and used to generate patient-specific maps of potential network targets (orange square). The targets are stimulated iteratively during concurrent brain imaging (Second Row) to generate full-brain evoked brain responses for each stimulation site. These are used to validate the optimal network targeting approach in the First Row. An intervention is then applied and symptom changes are associated with brain circuit engagement, pre-intervention, to generate a new map of circuit engagement by symptom change (Third Row). This then becomes the new target for intervention.