Table 2 Characteristics of four groups in 704 first-episode patients with schizophrenia.

From: Prefrontal cortical dopamine deficit may cause impaired glucose metabolism in schizophrenia

 

Negative group (n = 209)

Positive group (n = 178)

Negative & Positive group (n = 202)

Other patients (n = 115)

Pa

Negative vs. Positive Pb

Negative vs. Negative & Positvie Pb

Age

26.33 (6.87)

29.61 (10.65)

27.05 (8.89)

26.80 (8.89)

0.035*

0.111

1.000

Sex (Male, Female)

(119, 90)

(68, 110)

(94, 108)

(55, 60)

   

Duration of illness (months)

20.65 (14.66)

10.78 (11.21)

13.05 (10.66)

13.63 (12.59)

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

BMI

21.66 (3.52)

21.44 (3.55)

21.43 (4.36)

22.14 (4.18)

0.296

  

PANSS

Positive score

15.01 (2.79)

25.91 (4.57)

25.79 (4.83)

14.72 (3.31)

<0.001*

<0.001*

<0.001*

Negative score

26.18 (4.47)

13.65 (3.44)

25.48 (4.76)

13.54 (3.95)

<0.001*

<0.001*

0.510

General psychopathology

39.93 (6.43)

40.04 (8.00)

46.64 (9.96)

31.36 (6.77)

<0.001*

1.000

<0.001*

Total score

80.42 (9.95)

79.51 (11.16)

97.85 (15.53)

59.77 (10.87)

<0.001*

1.000

<0.001*

FG (mmol/L)

5.30 (1.11)

4.89 (0.70)

5.29 (1.04)

4.87 (0.64)

0.001*

0.011*

1.000

FG abnormal rate

66/209 (31.57%)

24/178 (13.49%)

64/202 (31.68%)

8/115 (6.96%)

 

<0.001*

0.982

FI (mU/L)

18.03 (12.87)

13.92 (7.53)

18.51 (12.55)

14.25 (8.37)

0.002*

0.011*

1.000

HOMA-IR

4.47 (3.69)

3.02 (1.69)

4.52 (3.46)

3.13 (2.03)

<0.001*

0.014*

1.000

HOAM-IRabnormal rate

128/209 (61.24%)

92/178 (51.69%)

133/202 (65.84%)

57/115 (49.57%)

 

0.058

0.333

TG (mmol/L)

1.30 (0.89)

1.20 (0.93)

1.33 (1.19)

1.23 (1.00)

0.489

  

Chol (mmol/L)

4.30 (2.85)

4.12 (1.07)

4.04 (1.09)

4.18 (0.99)

0.774

  

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.25 (0.41)

1.33 (0.37)

1.34 (0.60)

1.30 (0.43)

0.021*

0.012*

0.425

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.31 (0.64)

2.53 (0.73)

2.44 (0.66)

2.47 (0.74)

0.074

  
  1. Values are presented as mean (SD).
  2. PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, FG fasting glucose, FI fasting insulin, TG triglyceride, Chol total cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
  3. *P < 0.05.
  4. Pa: P-value for the overall differences among four groups was tested via Kruskal–Wallis test.
  5. Pb: Follow-up pairwise comparisons were performed via Kruskal–Wallis test.
  6. The significant values are highlighted in Bold.
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