Fig. 6: The distinct pattern of susceptibility connectivity in individuals with cognitive impairment.

A The MCI-AD group showed decreased susceptibility edges (p < 0.001, permutation test), primarily involved in the DMN-related connectivity. The increased susceptibility edges were found in the MCI-AD group compared with the HC group (p < 0.001, permutation test), mainly distributed between VN and other networks. Results of functional and genetic annotations were as shown in main manuscript. B The altered susceptibility connectivity in individuals with WMH was shown by more connectivity involved in SN- and DMN-related connectivity (p < 0.001, permutation test). Results of functional and genetic annotations were as shown in main manuscript. The relationship between WMH and MMSE and MoCA-BJ was mediated by the susceptibility connectivity. HC health control, NC nomal cognition, MCI-AD mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, WMH white matter hyperintensities, VN visual network, SMN somatomotor network, DAN dorsal attention network, SVAN salience/ventral attention network, LN limbic network, FPN frontoparietal network, DMN default mode network, SN subcortical network, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MoCA-BJ Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, CI confidence intervals, SPL_L left superior parietal lobule, Amyg_R right amygdala, PCun_L left precuneus, BG_R right basal ganglia.