Fig. 3: Long-term activity and body temperature measurement with a miniature accelerometer: nano tag.

a, b The presented data spans the light–dark (L–D) cycle of a mouse model, where the nano tag was intraperitoneally implanted and visualized through the nano tag Viewer software. Data for the first 15 days are displayed. The horizontal axis represents the time from ZT15 (00:00) to ZT15 (00:00) of the following day. The vertical axis histograms indicate activity levels per 5 min, whereas the line graphs depict body temperature. a represents WT No. 1 and b represents Pcdh15-null No. 1. Data for the other WT and Pcdh15-null (No. 2, 3, and 4) are shown in Supplementary Figure 4. c–f Three-dimensional surface plots created using MATLAB software (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, Massachusetts, USA) illustrate the activity and temperature fluctuations across time for the entire monitoring period. The color bars denote the intensity of each parameter: c activity in WT; d activity in Pcdh15-null; e body temperature in WT; and f body temperature in Pcdh15-null. g, h Mean ± SEM of 6-week data obtained from four WT and four Pcdh15-null; the data were measured throughout the L–D cycle and plotted against time. The vertical axis represents activity (g) or body temperature (h) in 10-min intervals, whereas the horizontal axis depicts time within a 24-h period. A statistical analysis of the activity levels or body temperature at each time point was conducted via multiple t-tests using the GraphPad Prism 8 software, indicating significant time intervals with P < 0.001. In terms of activity levels, Pcdh15-null mice exhibited increased activity compared with the controls at all time points from lights off until 30 min after the lights were turned back on. Regarding body temperature, significant differences were observed at all time points from 1 h 30 min after lights on to 1 h 30 min after lights off. ZT Zeitgeber time.