Table 1 Characteristics of participants.
From: Long-term changes in adiposity markers during and after antidepressant therapy in a community cohort
Antidepressants during follow-up | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole sample | Any | TCA | SSRI | Mirtazapine/Trazodone | Othera | None | |
(n = 2479) | (n = 406) | (n = 53) | (n = 279) | (n = 47) | (n = 82) | (n = 2073) | |
No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | No. (%)/mean (SD) | |
Socio-demographic characteristics | |||||||
Age at baseline [years], mean (SD) | 49.9 (8.8) | 49.6 (8.6) | 51.6 (8.7) | 49.2 (8.4) | 49.4 (8.8) | 48.8 (8.3) | 49.9 (8.9) |
Men, No. (%) | 1158 (46.7) | 132 (32.5) | 19 (35.8) | 85 (30.5) | 19 (40.4) | 30 (36.6) | 1026 (49.5) |
Socio-economic status at baselineb, mean (SD) | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.2 (1.1) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.2) |
Living alone during follow-up, No. (%) | 486 (19.7) | 96 (23.7) | 15 (28.3) | 70 (25.2) | 13 (27.7) | 10 (12.2) | 390 (18.9) |
Length of follow-up [years], mean (SD) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.4) | 5.5 (0.2) | 5.5 (0.4) |
Early trauma | |||||||
Early physical or sexual abuse, No. (%) | 39 (1.6) | 8 (2.0) | 2 (3.8) | 6 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (3.7) | 31 (1.5) |
Antidepressants prior to baseline | |||||||
Number of antidepressant compounds, mean (SD) | 0.2 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.7) | 0.9 (1.0) | 0.7 (0.7) | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.3) |
Antidepressants, No. (%) | |||||||
Any | 377 (15.2) | 217 (53.4) | 33 (62.3) | 162 (58.1) | 24 (51.1) | 48 (58.5) | 160 (7.7) |
TCA | 76 (3.1) | 40 (9.9) | 24 (45.3) | 17 (6.1) | 5 (10.6) | 11 (13.4) | 36 (1.7) |
SSRI | 280 (11.3) | 164 (40.4) | 14 (26.4) | 147 (52.7) | 14 (29.8) | 25 (30.5) | 116 (5.6) |
Mirtazapine/Trazodone | 24 (1.0) | 14 (3.4) | 3 (5.7) | 8 (2.9) | 7 (14.9) | 3 (3.7) | 10 (0.5) |
Othera | 41 (1.7) | 27 (6.7) | 3 (5.7) | 9 (3.2) | 5 (10.6) | 23 (28.0) | 14 (0.7) |
Medication during follow-up | |||||||
Antidepressants, No. (%) | |||||||
At any time during the follow-up | 406 (16.4) | 406 (100.0) | 53 (100.0) | 279 (100.0) | 47 (100.0) | 82 (100.0) | - |
During first period of follow-up only | 69 (2.8) | 69 (17.0) | 14 (26.4) | 46 (16.5) | 6 (12.8) | 9 (11.0) | - |
During second period of follow-up only | 250 (10.1) | 250 (61.6) | 34 (64.2) | 194 (69.5) | 35 (74.5) | 59 (72.0) | - |
During first and second periods of follow-up | 87 (3.5) | 87 (21.4) | 5 (9.4) | 39 (14.0) | 6 (12.8) | 14 (17.1) | - |
Weight-gain-inducing drug, No. (%) | 196 (7.9) | 52 (12.8) | 6 (11.3) | 37 (13.3) | 3 (6.4) | 11 (13.4) | 144 (6.9) |
Behavioral factors during follow-up | |||||||
Physically inactivec, No. (%) | 811 (32.7) | 156 (38.4) | 21 (39.6) | 107 (38.4) | 16 (34.0) | 35 (42.7) | 655 (31.6) |
Smoking status, No. (%) | |||||||
Current | 745 (30.1) | 155 (38.2) | 18 (34.0) | 108 (38.7) | 21 (44.7) | 35 (42.7) | 590 (28.5) |
Former | 798 (32.2) | 118 (29.1) | 17 (32.1) | 79 (28.3) | 10 (21.3) | 22 (26.8) | 680 (32.8) |
Never | 936 (37.8) | 133 (32.8) | 18 (34.0) | 92 (33.0) | 16 (34.0) | 25 (30.5) | 803 (38.7) |
Number of alcoholic drinks per week, mean (SD) | 6.8 (7.9) | 6.2 (8.1) | 4.5 (5.6) | 6.1 (8.2) | 6.3 (6.6) | 7.4 (10.0) | 6.9 (7.8) |
Family history of mood disorders | |||||||
Major depressive disorder, No. (%) | 1124 (48.2) | 217 (56.5) | 32 (61.5) | 149 (27.3) | 26 (57.8) | 54 (67.5) | 907 (46.5) |
History of psychiatric disorders at baseline | |||||||
Major depressive disorder, No. (%) | |||||||
Any | 1090 (44.0) | 328 (80.8) | 40 (75.5) | 230 (82.4) | 37 (78.7) | 72 (87.8) | 762 (36.8) |
Atypical | 165 (6.7) | 59 (14.5) | 4 (7.5) | 48 (17.2) | 4 (8.5) | 10 (12.2) | 106 (5.1) |
Melancholic | 320 (12.9) | 111 (27.3) | 19 (35.8) | 71 (25.4) | 13 (27.7) | 28 (34.1) | 209 (10.1) |
Unspecified | 605 (24.4) | 158 (38.9) | 17 (32.1) | 111 (39.8) | 20 (42.6) | 34 (41.5) | 447 (21.6) |
None | 1389 (56.0) | 78 (29.2) | 13 (24.5) | 49 (17.6) | 10 (21.3) | 10 (12.2) | 1311 (63.2) |
Psychiatric disorders during follow-up | |||||||
Major depressive episode, No. (%) | |||||||
Any | 493 (19.9) | 196 (48.3) | 25 (47.2) | 139 (49.8) | 28 (59.6) | 54 (65.9) | 297 (14.3) |
Atypical | 96 (3.9) | 38 (9.4) | 7 (13.2) | 25 (9.0) | 3 (6.4) | 14 (17.1) | 58 (2.8) |
Melancholic | 119 (4.8) | 53 (13.1) | 4 (7.5) | 39 (14.0) | 9 (19.1) | 15 (18.3) | 66 (3.2) |
Unspecified | 278 (11.2) | 105 (25.9) | 14 (26.4) | 75 (26.9) | 16 (34.0) | 25 (30.5) | 173 (8.3) |
None | 1986 (80.1) | 210 (51.7) | 28 (52.8) | 140 (50.1) | 19 (40.4) | 28 (34.1) | 1776 (85.7) |
Current MDE at follow-up, No. (%) | 307 (12.4) | 136 (33.5) | 16 (30.2) | 104 (37.3) | 19 (40.4) | 35 (42.7) | 171 (8.2) |
Number of symptoms of most severe MDE, mean (SD) | 1.3 (2.7) | 3.4 (3.6) | 3.3 (3.6) | 3.6 (3.7) | 4.7 (3.6) | 4.3 (3.7) | 0.9 (2.3) |
Time spent in MDE (weeks), mean (SD) | 18.6 (82.7) | 59.0 (140.7) | 66.8 (155.6) | 58.5 (128.4) | 99.8 (182.5) | 59.5 (101.4) | 10.7 (62.6) |
Suicidality, No. (%) | 209 (8.4) | 106 (26.1) | 13 (24.5) | 78 (28.0) | 15 (31.9) | 28 (34.2) | 103 (5.0) |
Hospitalization, No. (%) | 18 (0.7) | 17 (4.2) | 1 (1.9) | 14 (5.0) | 4 (8.5) | 7 (8.5) | 1 (0.1) |
Psychotic features, No. (%) | 14 (0.6) | 11 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (3.9) | 2 (4.3) | 2 (2.4) | 3 (0.1) |
GAF score, mean (SD) | 82.1 (16.4) | 69.2 (22.4) | 68.7 (23.2) | 68.4 (22.7) | 60.1 (22.9) | 63.9 (23.0) | 84.6 (13.6) |
Illicit drug dependenced, No. (%) | 7 (0.3) | 4 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.1) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.2) | 3 (0.1) |
Anxiety disorderse, No. (%) | 163 (6.6) | 61 (15.0) | 6 (11.3) | 45 (16.1) | 11 (23.4) | 13 (15.9) | 102 (4.9) |
Adiposity markers at baseline | |||||||
Body Mass Index [kg/m2], mean (SD) | 25.3 (4.4) | 25.4 (4.8) | 24.1 (3.7) | 25.6 (5.0) | 25.6 (4.8) | 25.1 (4.0) | 25.3 (4.3) |
Waist [cm], mean (SD) | 87.7 (13.0) | 87.0 (13.2) | 83.6 (10.9) | 87.1 (13.6) | 89.2 (13.6) | 86.1 (11.6) | 87.8 (13.0) |
Fat mass [%], mean (SD) | 28.1 (8.7) | 30.1 (8.7) | 28.7 (7.4) | 30.5 (9.0) | 29.0 (7.6) | 29.4 (7.3) | 27.6 (8.7) |
Adiposity markers at follow-up | |||||||
Body Mass Index [kg/m2], mean (SD) | 25.9 (4.6) | 26.3 (5.3) | 25.2 (4.7) | 26.6 (5.5) | 26.0 (4.8) | 25.9 (4.5) | 25.9 (4.4) |
Waist [cm], mean (SD) | 91.1 (13.0) | 91.6 (14.0) | 89.8 (12.2) | 91.8 (14.3) | 92.0 (12.1) | 91.4 (13.4) | 91.0 (12.8) |
Fat mass [%], mean (SD) | 30.0 (8.7) | 32.6 (8.9) | 31.1 (8.4) | 33.2 (9.3) | 31.1 (7.3) | 31.5 (7.6) | 29.5 (8.6) |
