Table 5 Change of adiposity markers during follow-up by timing of use of specific antidepressant during follow-up.

From: Long-term changes in adiposity markers during and after antidepressant therapy in a community cohort

 

Change in adiposity markers during follow-up

AD during first period of follow-up only

AD during second period of follow-up only

AD during 1st and 2nd periods of follow-up

No AD

βa

(95%CI)

βa

(95%CI)

βa

(95%CI)

βa

Body Mass Index [kg/m2] (n = 2462)

 Any antidepressants

0.24

(−0.12, 0.60)

0.39***

(0.17, 0.60)

0.18

(−0.16, 0.52)

0 (ref.)

 TCA

0.25

(−0.53, 1.03)

0.42

(−0.08, 0.93)

−0.61

(−1.89, 0.67)

0 (ref.)

 SSRI

0.16

(−0.28, 0.59)

0.46***

(0.22, 0.69)

0.14

(−0.34, 0.61)

 Mirtazapine/Trazodone

0.52

(−0.66, 1.70)

−0.18

(−0.68, 0.31)

−0.24

(−1.40, 0.92)

 Otherb

0.53

(−0.42, 1.49)

0.13

(−0.27, 0.54)

0.18

(−0.59, 0.94)

TCA

0 (ref.)

  Clomipramine

−1.13

(−3.23, 0.97)

−0.13

(−1.16, 0.90)

—

—

  Amitriptyline

−0.25

(−1.70, 1.19)

0.41

(−0.35, 1.18)

−0.92

(−2.97, 1.12)

  Melitracen and psycholeptics

0.30

(−0.69, 1.28)

0.67

(−0.60, 1.95)

0.29

(−2.54, 3.11)

SSRI

  Fluoxetine

0.68

(−0.01, 1.36)

0.49*

(0.04, 0.95)

−0.36

(−1.15, 0.42)

  Citalopram

−0.36

(−1.01, 0.30)

−0.18

(−0.60, 0.24)

0.35

(−0.76, 1.45)

  Paroxetine

−0.27

(−1.14, 0.60)

0.20

(−0.40, 0.79)

−0.17

(−1.71, 1.36)

  Sertraline

0.16

(−0.85, 1.17)

0.78*

(0.15, 1.41)

1.48

(−0.51, 3.48)

  Escitalopram

—

—

0.59***

(0.26, 0.92)

—

—

 Mirtazapine/Trazodone

  Mirtazapine

—

—

−0.43

(−1.09, 0.22)

0.30

(−0.66, 1.26)

  Trazodone

—

—

0.29

(−0.49, 1.07)

0.15

(−1.86, 2.15)

 SNRI

      

  Venlafaxine

0.47

(−0.50, 1.44)

0.05

(−0.51, 0.62)

0.28

(−0.54, 1.11)

  Duloxetine

—

—

0.20

(−0.33, 0.73)

—

—

Waist circumference [cm] (n = 2475)

 Any antidepressants

0.38

(−1.15, 1.90)

1.47**

(0.55, 2.39)

1.28

(−0.18, 2.73)

0 (ref.)

 TCA

2.78

(−0.57, 6.13)

1.97

(−0.14, 4.08)

3.90

(−1.58, 9.38)

0 (ref.)

 SSRI

−0.15

(−2.01, 1.71)

1.33**

(0.33, 2.33)

0.98

(−1.06, 3.03)

 Mirtazapine/Trazodone

0.21

(−4.83, 5.26)

0.02

(−2.10, 2.14)

−2.09

(−7.08, 2.89)

 Otherb

0.42

(−3.68, 4.53)

0.98

(−0.73, 2.70)

2.63

(−0.65, 5.92)

TCA

0 (ref.)

  Clomipramine

5.24

(−3.73, 14.21)

−1.25

(−5.39, 2.88)

—

—

  Amitriptyline

1.61

(−4.58, 7.80)

1.63

(−1.66, 4.91)

2.30

(−6.44, 11.04)

  Melitracen and psycholeptics

−0.98

(−5.19, 3.23)

2.35

(−3.10, 7.81)

6.62

(−5.45, 18.69)

SSRI

  Fluoxetine

2.58

(−0.28, 5.43)

2.80**

(0.86, 4.74)

−0.71

(−4.04, 2.62)

  Citalopram

−0.63

(−3.42, 2.16)

−0.47

(−2.28, 1.34)

1.18

(−3.55, 5.91)

  Paroxetine

−1.50

(−5.20, 2.20)

−0.03

(−2.58, 2.53)

−3.37

(−9.93, 3.19)

  Sertraline

−0.24

(−4.55, 4.06)

1.51

(−1.12, 4.14)

4.24

(−4.28, 12.76)

  Escitalopram

—

—

1.97**

(0.56, 3.37)

—

—

Mirtazapine/Trazodone

  Mirtazapine

—

—

−1.52

(−4.32, 1.29)

0.25

(−3.86, 4.35)

  Trazodone

—

—

2.07

(−1.25, 5.38)

−0.15

(−8.71, 8.42)

SNRI

  Venlafaxine

0.41

(−3.74, 4.56)

0.05

(−2.37, 2.46)

3.15

(−0.37, 6.67)

  Duloxetine

—

—

1.14

(−1.11, 3.38)

—

—

Fat mass [%] (n = 2079)

 Any antidepressants

0.34

(−0.73, 1.41)

−0.15

(−0.82, 0.51)

0.90

(−0.12, 1.91)

0 (ref.)

 TCA

0.55

(−1.69, 2.79)

−1.13

(−2.58, 0.33)

−0.66

(−4.62, 3.30)

0 (ref.)

 SSRI

0.55

(−0.73, 1.83)

0.61

(−0.12, 1.34)

1.83*

(0.41, 3.26)

 Mirtazapine/Trazodone

3.84*

(0.28, 7.41)

−1.04

(−2.58, 0.51)

1.48

(−2.41, 5.37)

 Otherb

−2.17

(−4.82, 0.48)

−0.50

(−1.66, 0.66)

−0.89

(−3.08, 1.30)

TCA

      

0 (ref.)

  Clomipramine

−1.62

(−7.43, 4.19)

−0.45

(−3.29, 2.39)

—

—

  Amitriptyline

−0.12

(−4.12, 3.87)

−0.21

(−2.40, 1.99)

−0.98

(−6.63, 4.66)

  Melitracen and psycholeptics

1.35

(−1.52, 4.21)

−1.48

(−5.42, 2.47)

—

—

SSRI

  Fluoxetine

1.58

(−0.42, 3.59)

1.55*

(0.19, 2.92)

1.92

(−0.40, 4.24)

  Citalopram

−0.28

(−2.22, 1.66)

−0.59

(−1.99, 0.80)

1.55

(−1.52, 4.61)

  Paroxetine

0.01

(−2.63, 2.64)

1.08

(−0.68, 2.84)

8.01*

(0.13, 15.89)

  Sertraline

0.73

(−2.04, 3.51)

1.84

(−0.08, 3.77)

1.30

(−4.17, 6.77)

  Escitalopram

—

—

0.91

(−0.12, 1.94)

−

−

Mirtazapine/Trazodone

  Mirtazapine

—

—

−1.18

(−3.32, 0.96)

4.21**

(1.21, 7.21)

  Trazodone

—

—

−0.65

(−2.97, 1.68)

−0.95

(−6.46, 4.55)

SNRI

 Venlafaxine

−2.08

(−4.76, 0.61)

0.19

(−1.48, 1.85)

−0.58

(−2.94, 1.78)

 Duloxetine

—

—

−0.70

(−2.19, 0.80)

—

—

  1. Models assessing the association between change in adiposity markers and specific compounds of AD were additionally adjusted for other antidepressants (Fluvoxamine, Bupropion, Reboxetine, Moclobémide, Trimipramine, Mianserin) during follow-up.
  2. AD antidepressant, TCA Tricyclic antidepressants, SSRI Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, 95%CI 95% confidence interval. ref. reference group.
  3. aAdjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (sex, age, socio-economic status, living alone during follow-up), early physical and sexual abuse, adiposity marker levels at baseline, behavioral factors (physical inactivity, smoking status, number of drinks per week) during follow-up, anxiety disorders and illicit drug dependence during follow-up, possibly weight gain inducing medication (other than antidepressants) during follow-up, length of follow-up, major depressive disorder (MDD) subtypes at baseline and during follow-up and current vs. remitted MDD status at follow-up, severity during follow-up (number of symptoms of most severe major depressive episode (MDE), time spent in MDE, global assessment functioning (GAF) score, suicidality, hospitalization, psychotic features), relatives with MDD, and number of different antidepressant compounds prior to baseline.
  4. bSNRI (Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors)/NDRI (Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors)/MAOI(Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors).
  5. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001
  6. Significant results are indicated in bold.
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