Table 1 Demographic, clinical characteristics, and cognitive data of participants at baseline (Mean ± SD).

From: Neuroimaging markers of aberrant brain activity and treatment response in schizophrenia patients based on brain complexity

Variable

HC (n = 30)

SZ0W (n = 44)

t or χ2

P value

Effect Size

Age (years)

27.50 ± 7.86

28.36 ± 10.02

0.40

0.69a

0.094c

Education (years)

12.30 ± 3.98

12.36 ± 3.23

0.04

0.97a

0.01c

Gender (male/female)

13/17

20/24

0.03

0.86b

0.02d

Smoking

5/30 (16.7%)

4/44 (9.1%)

1.26

0.26b

0.13d

Age of onset (years)

 

25.60 ± 9.90

   

PANSS-T

 

91.39 ± 25.08

   

PANSS-P

 

25.57 ± 7.07

   

PANSS-N

 

21.20 ± 9.36

   

PANSS-G

 

44.20 ± 14.10

   

MCCB

     

 Category fluency

 

51.09 ± 12.36

   

 Symbol coding

 

41.42 ± 11.10

   

 Trail Making A

 

46.00 ± 9.34

   

 CPT-IP

 

40.13 ± 11.15

   

 Spatial span total

 

44.12 ± 15.93

   

 Digital sequence test

 

45.82 ± 14.36

   

 HVLT-R total

 

47.59 ± 13.20

   

 BVMT-R total

 

47.97 ± 10.07

   

 Mazes (NAB) total

 

42.91 ± 11.45

   

 MSCEIT

 

48.62 ± 10.82

   

 MCCB total

 

44.79 ± 10.69

   
  1. Symptom severity of all patients was evaluated both at baseline and follow-up with the 30-item Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). PANSS-T PANSS total scores, PANSS-P PANSS positive symptom scores, PANSS-N PANSS negative symptom scores, PANSS-G PANSS general psychopathological symptom scores, M mean, SD standard deviation, MCCB Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS)Consensus Cognitive Battery, HVLT Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, BVMT, Brief Visuospatial Memory Test, NAB Neuropsychological Assessment Battery, MSCEIT Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, CPT-IP Continuous Performance Test: Identical Pairs.
  2. aSZ0W vs HC, two-samples t-test;
  3. bSZ0W vs HC, chi-square test;
  4. cEffect size was measured by Cohen’s d;
  5. dEffect size was measured by Cramér’s V.
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