Table 3 The correlations between neurofilament light chain levels and paraclinical features.

Li et al., 2019 [17]

NMDAR

CSF NfL levels at diagnosis were positively correlated with CSF IL‐1β and IL‐17A.

Mariotto et al., 2019 [18]

Varies

Serum and CSF NfL levels at disease onset were not correlated with MRI or CSF features.

Nissen et al., 2021 [19]

NMDAR, LGI1

Elevated pre-treatment CSF NfL levels were associated with abnormal MRI, not with CSF pleocytosis.

Ma et al., 2022 [20]

NMDAR

Serum NfL levels were not associated with antibody titers, CSF pleocytosis, or CSF total protein.

Guasp et al., 2022 [24]

NMDAR

Higher CSF NfL levels were associated with CSF pleocytosis (>20 cells/µL), while not with abnormal brain MRI or abnormal EEG. Serum NfL levels were not associated with CSF pleocytosis (>20 cells/µL), abnormal brain MRI, or abnormal EEG.

Kammeyer et al., 2022 [25]

Varies

Serum NfL levels in acute stage were not associated with presence of MRI abnormalities.

Gruter et al., 2023 [11]

IgLON5

Pre-treatment serum NfL levels were positively correlated with serum GFAP, and negatively correlated with the CSF cell count.

Chen et al., 2023 [10]

NMDAR

The onset serum NfL levels were positively correlated with intra-DMN connectivity and limbic-sensory connectivity. The convalescent serum NfL levels were positively correlated with thalamocortical connectivity.

Brenner et al., 2022 [9]

NMDAR

Serum NfL levels at diagnosis were associated with presence of MRI abnormalities, while not with serum or CSF antibody titers.