Table 1 Basic characteristics of participants.

From: Nasal microbiome in relation to olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline in older adults

 

Olfactory Function Groupa

P-value

 

hyposmic

normosmic

 

N = 44

N = 386

Male

23 (52.3)

177 (45.9)

0.52

Age, mean (SD), y

79.70 (5.83)

77.60 (4.60)

0.005

BMIb, mean (SD), (kg/m2)

23.26 (3.53)

24.27 (3.50)

0.07

Illiterate

22 (52.4)

184 (49.1)

0.81

Married

26 (63.4)

244 (65.4)

0.93

Smoker

16 (40.0)

85 (23.0)

0.03

Drinker

19 (47.5)

140 (37.7)

0.30

Stroke

0 (0.0)

24 (6.2)

0.18

Diabetes

6 (13.6)

57 (14.8)

0.99

Hypertension

20 (45.5)

165 (42.7)

0.86

Glucose, mean (SD), mmol/l

5.46 (1.84)

5.76 (1.67)

0.25

B-CSIT score, mean (SD)

0.48 (0.95)

13.30 (2.82)

<0.001

MMSE, mean (SD)

20.24 (6.96)

21.56 (5.62)

0.21

HDS-R, mean (SD)

20.15 (6.06)

20.76 (5.32)

0.51

Cognitive Impairment

18 (48.6)

184 (51.4)

0.88

  1. aData are expressed as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
  2. bThe body mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
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