Table 2 Studies description table.

Bruzzone,

2024

387

_{(90, 297)}

29.6

63.9

EUR

MDD

Moderate

_all

MDD

BDI

–

HAM-D₁₇

Anx., chilhood trauma

Healthy

Blood _peri or WBC

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q96}

Y

Single

4

GRCh38/hg38

_30,236,071;

_30,236,083;

_30,236,088;

_30,236,090

_{6090; 6088;}

_{6083; 6071}

4

N

Bakusic,

2020

138

_{(80, 58)}

45.4

56.5

n/a

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

SCID

n/a

Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Single

23 CpG

GRCh38/hg38

_{GenBank NG_011747}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

_{6071; 6036;}

_{6002; 5998;}

_{5984; 5975;}

_{5973; 5968;}

_{5956; 5952;}

_{5939; 5910;}

_{5906; 5904;}

_{5897; 5892;}

_{5888; 5886;}

_{5871; 5867;}

₅₈₅₂

23

N

Schiele,

2019

60

_{(32, 28)}

34.3

78.3

CA

Comord. MDD

n/a

PD

SCID

Ago., MDD, social Anx., phobias

PD without MDD

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

Y

Single

9

GRCh38/hg38

_30,236,071;

_30,236,083;

_30,236,088;

_30,236,090;

_30,236,101;

_30,236,120;

_30,236,125;

_30,236,141;

_30,236,156

_{6156; 6141;}

_{6125; 6120;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

9

N

Lam,

2018

\(302_{{(95,\, {207})}^{\rm{b}}}\)

73.2

62.5

CA

MDD

> Mild _all

+

Moderate

_average

MDD

MINI

–

CES-D

Dementia, Anx., ischemic diseases, cancer, thyroid disease, diabetes, asthma

Healthy elders

WBC

MALDI-based

_Agena

N

Averaged per unit

10 units/20 CpG

GRCh38/hg38

_Reg.:

_{30,235,734–}

_30,236,068

_{6036; 5984;}

_5975/73;

_5956/52;

_5939;

_5909/891;

_5886/84;

_5870/60;

_5795;

_5768/65

10

N

Schneider,

2018

298

_{(122, 176)}

36.3

53

EUR

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

SCID

n/a

Healthy

Blood _peri

BS - PCR

_{EZ-DNA methylation kit -ESME software}

Y

Single

8^d

GRCh38/hg38

-

AluJb

_{6593; 6587;}

_{6571; 6511;}

_{6509; 6500;}

_6496;

7

N

Shi,

2017

151

_{(96, 55)}

31 _med.

_(21-47)

60.3

CHA

MDD

Severe

_all

MDD

SCID

–

HAM-D₂₄

n/a

Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{Pyro Q-CpG}

Y

Single

6

GRCh37/hg19

_28,562,957;

_28,562,970;

_28,562,974;

_28,562,986;

_28,562,991;

_28,562,993

_{5975; 5973;}

_{5968; 5956;}

_{5952; 5939}

6

N

Iga,

2016

57

_{(28, 29)}

43.6

71.9

JA

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

SCID

Diabetes,

hypertension,

gastritis

Healthy

WBC

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Single

9

GRCh37/ hg19

_{GenBank NC_000017.10}

_{6156; 6141;}

_{6125; 6120;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

9

Y

Won,

2016

84

_{(35, 49)}

40.8

70.2

KA

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

SCID

Suicide, drug abuse

Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{Pyrosequencing Assay Design Software}

Y

Single

5

n/a

–

_{−34 to −5 bp relative to the TSS}

_{5732; 5728;}

_{5714; 5705;}

₅₇₀₃

5

N

Booij,

2015

69

_{(33, 36)}

37.7

63.8

n/a

MDD

Severe

_all

MDD

SCID

n/a

_{NO psychiatric comorb.}

Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Average

_{all + specific sites}

11^d

n/a

_{214 to 625 bp region upstream of TSS}

_6167–6036;

_6167/56;

_6090/88;

3

Y

Okada,

2014

100

_{(50, 50)}

40.3

46

JA

MDD

Moderate

_all

MDD

MINI

n/a

Healthy

Blood _peri

MALDI-based

_Agena

N

Single

29 units / 47 CpG

GRCh37/hg19

_Reg.:

_{28,562,388–}

_28,563,186

spe. CpG sites: n/a

_Reg:

_{5 370 - 6 168}

29

N

Kim,

2013

286

_{(80, 206)}

64.5

40.9

n/a

PSD

Moderate

_average

PSD

MINI

n/a

_{NO dementia, Parkinson, brain tumor, epilepsy, psychosis, substance dependence; severe physical illnesses limiting movement prior PSD}

Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{Pyro Q-CpG}

Y

Single

7

n/a

_{−479 to −350 bp relative to the TSS}

_{6141; 6125;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

7

N

Xu,

2013

96

_{(36, 60)}

28.2

80.2

CHA

Comorb. depr.

Moderate

_average

SLE

SCID

Depr.

SLE without depr.

WBC

BS - PCR

_{Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co. Ltd.}

Y

Single

15

^d

n/a

_{GenBank: EF179203.1}

_{7150; 7146;}

_{7133; 7105;}

_{7097; 7080;}

_{7070; 7068;}

_{7066; 7044;}

_{7036; 7029;}

_{7018; 7002;}

₆₉₉₅

15

N

Moon,

2022

221

64.0

78.2

KA

MDD

Moderate

_all

MDD

HAM-D₁₇

n/a

_{NO cancer, unstable psychiatric features, history of substance abuse, neurologic illnesses, SCZ, BD, primary diagnoses of adjustment disorder, PTSD, psychotic sympt., pregnancy}

Only MDD

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_PyroMark

Y

Single

9

GRCh37/ hg19

_28,563,090;

_28,563,102;

_{28 563,107;}

_28,563,109;

_28,563,120;

_28,563,139;

_28,563,144;

_28,563,160;

_28,563,175

_{6156; 6141;}

_{6125; 6120;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

-

Y

Philibert,

2008

192

_{(25, 167)}

40.6

50

AFA, HA, others

MDD

n/a

MDD

SCID

Alcohol dependence

Healthy

lymphoblast cell lines

BS - PCR

_MassARRAY

N

-

53 units/ 71 CpG

NCBI36/hg18

_Reg.:

_{25,586,414 –}

_25,587,412

_Reg.:

_5270–6268

-

Y

Rivera,

2024

91

24.0

50.5

RWD

Depr. Sympt. + MDD

Mild

_average

No diagnosis or MDD

PROMIS-29

Childhood adversity

MDD + Healthy

_capillary Blood _peri

Microarray

_{Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC microarray}

N

_{not in this case}

Average

n/a

n/a

n/a

1

N

Comtois-Cabana,

2023

156

24.1

0

n/a

Depr. Sympt. + MDD

Mild

_average

No diagnosis or MDD

BDI-II

Drug use

MDD + Healthy

Saliva

BS – PCR

_{EZ-DNA methylation Gold Kit - EpiTYPER MassARRAY}

Y

Average

_{per unit}

31 units/87 CpG

GRCH37/hg19

_{Reg. 1:}

_{28,563,054–}

_28,563,424;

_{Reg. 2:}

_{28,562,783–}

_28,563,020;

_{Reg. 3:}

_{28,562,388–}

_28,562,751

_{6406; 6235;}

_{6167; 6141;}

_{6036; 5896/91;}

_5886/84/70;

_{5866; 5851;}

_5845/43;

_5837–5829;

_{5808, 5768/65;}

_5733/31;

_5719–5699;

_5688–5673;

_{5667/65; 5654;}

_{5641; 5 578;}

_5554/49;

_5518/11;

_{5503; 5489;}

_5481/74/71;

_{5456; 5447;}

_{5417; 5394;}

_{5383; 5374/70}

31

N

Vidovic,

2023

25

52.1

64.0

CA

MDD

Moderate to Severe

_average

MDD

BDI-II

–

IDS-C

Anx.

Only MDD

Blood _peri

BS – PCR

_{EpiTect Fast Bisulfite - MiniSeq Mid Output Kit}

N

Average

2

GRCH37/hg19

_{Reg. 1:}

_{28,562,753–}

_28,563,050

_{Reg. 2:}

_{28,563,277–}

_28,563,552

_{Reg. 1:}

_5735–6032

_{Reg. 2:}

_{6259 –}

₆₅₃₄

2^c

N

Timmers,

2022

117

46.6

65.8

n/a

Depr. Sympt. + MDD

Mild

_average

Dystonia

BDI

Depr.

Dystonia with/without Depr. Sympt.

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Single

20

n/a

_{−213 to −69 bp relative to the transcriptional start}

_{5910; 5906;}

_{5904; 5896;}

_{5891; 5886;}

_{5884; 5870;}

_{5865; 5850;}

_{5845; 5843;}

_{5837; 5835;}

_{5832; 5830;}

_{5808; 5796;}

_{5779; 5776}

20

N

Sanwald,

2021

146

38.7

65.1

n/a

MDD

Moderate to Severe

_average

MDD

BDI-II

–

MADRS

Alcohol abuse _(n=2), sexual dysfunction _(n=1)

Only MDD

Blood _peri

MALDI-based

_Agena

N

Average_{2 factors}

29 units / 71 CpG

GRCh38/hg38

_{Reg. 1 :}

_{30,235,345–}

_30,235,765

_{Reg. 2:}

_{30,235,734–}

_30,236,068

_{Reg. 1 :}

_5345–5765

_{Reg. 2:}

_5734–6068

2^c

N

Schiele,

2021

236

34.3

78.3

CA

MDD _{treated since min.6w}

Severe

_average

MDD

BDI

–

HAM-D₂₁

PD and/or ago. _(n=11), social phobia _(n=7), stress-related disorder _(n=5), somatoform _(n=7), OCD _(n=2)

Only MDD

Blood _peri

BS – PCR

_{Epigenetic Sequencing Methylation analysis software}

Y

Average

9

GRCh38/hg38

_30,236,071;

_30,236,083;

_30,236,088;

_30,236,090;

_30,236,101;

_30,236,120;

_30,236,125;

_30,236,141;

_30,236,156

_Reg.:

_6071–6156

1^c

N

Bakusic,

2020

138

45.4

56.5

n/a

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

HAM-D₁₇

n/a

MDD + Healthy

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Average

_{all + specific sites}

5 units / 23 CpG

GRCh38/hg38

_{GenBank NG_011747}

_6101;

_6088;

_6101/071

3

N

Shi,

2017

96

31 _med.

_(21–47)

60.3

CHA

MDD

Severe

_all

MDD

HAM-D₂₄

n/a

Only MDD

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{Pyro Q-CpG}

Y

Single

6

GRCh37/hg19

_28,562,957;

_28,562,970;

_28,562,974;

_28,562,986;

_28,562,991;

_28,562,993

_{5975; 5973;}

_{5968; 5956;}

_{5952; 5939}

6

N

Iga,

2016

28

45

71.4

JA

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

HAM-D₁₇

Diabetes, hypertension, gastritis

Only MDD

WBC

Pyroseq.

_{PyroMark Q24}

Y

Single

9

GRCh37/hg19

_{GenBank NC_000017.10}

_{6156; 6141;}

_{6125; 6120;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

9

Y

Duman,

2015

67

28.5^a

0

CA

Depr. Sympt.

Mild

_average

-

BDI-II

-

Only MDD

WBC

MALDI-based

_{Sequenom Epityper}

N

Average

_{all + per factor}

3 units / 26 CpG

n/a

_Reg.:

_5270–

₆₂₆₈

_{3 factors}

3

Y

Lei,

2015

99

48.3

100

AFA

Depr. Sympt.

Mild

_average

-

CES-D

n/a

Healthy

Blood _peri

Microarray

_{Illumina 450K Human Methylation Beadchip}

N

_{not in this case}

Average

7 units

n/a

_Cg27569822,

_Cg10901968,

_Cg26741280,

_Cg25725890,

_Cg05016953,

_Cg14692377,

_Cg03363743

_{6139/090 +}

_{6120/071 +}

_{6101/50 +}

_{6037/5 988 +}

_{5796/47 +}

_{5668/19 +}

_5457/08

1

N

van der Knaap,

2015

939

16.2

51.7

Dutch

Depr. Sympt..

n/a

-

YSR

Internalizing, Anx., Depr.

Healthy

Blood _peri

MALDI-based

_Agena

N

Average

11 units

GRCh37/hg19

_Reg.:

_{28,562,388–}

_28,563,186

_Reg:

_5370–

₆₁₆₈

1

N

Okada,

2014

50

40.3

46

JA

MDD

Moderate

_all

MDD

HAM-D₁₇

n/a

Only MDD

Blood _peri

MALDI-based

_Agena

N

Average

_{per unit}

29 units/47 CpG

GRCh37/hg19

_Reg.:

_{28,562,388–}

_28,563,186

spe. CpG sites: n/a_Reg:

_5370–

₆₁₆₈

29

N

Kang,

2013

108

54.9

76.4

n/a

MDD

Moderate

_average

MDD

HAM-D₁₇

n/a

Only MDD

Blood _peri

Pyroseq.

_{Pyro Q-CpG}

Y

Single

7 CpG

n/a

_{−479 to −350 bp relative to the TSS;}

_{6141; 6125;}

_{6101; 6090;}

_{6088; 6083;}

₆₀₇₁

7

N