Fig. 4: Linear regression plot alongside the 95% confidence interval illustrating the association between the right PHC thickness and the NEO-FFI neuroticism score after correcting for age, sex and group affiliation (pfdr = 0.008, β = −0.512).

Individual data points of depression patients are illustrated in grey, and those of control participants in white. The fitted regression model was: Right PHC cortical thickness (mm) = 3.060 – 0.035 (sex) – 0.005 (age) – 0.128 (group) – 0.121 (NEO-FFI neuroticism) (R2adjusted = 0.098, F(4, 81) = 3.31, p = 0.014); PHC parahippocampal cortex, MDD major depressive disorder.