Table 1 Unadjusted means, standard deviations, effect sizes, and main analyses of symptom measures across timepoints for healthy and ELA participants.

From: Posterior cingulate cortex downregulation training using fMRI neurofeedback in adolescents with early life adversity exposure: a randomized, single-blind trial

Measures

Estimate

SE

t

p

Cohen’s d

Perceived Stress

 Group

−10.94

1.66

−6.57

<0.001***

--

Timepoint

 T2

−1.43

0.85

−1.68

0.10

−0.33

 T3

−3.00

0.85

−3.52

<0.001***

−0.68

Group * Timepoint

 T2

1.90

1.08

1.75

0.08

0.34

 T3

3.41

1.08

3.15

0.002**

0.61

 Age

−0.37

0.58

−0.63

0.53

−0.18

 Sex

−0.19

1.52

−0.13

0.90

−0.04

Positive Affect

 Group

14.03

2.55

5.50

<0.001***

--

Timepoint

 T2

0.24

1.31

0.18

0.86

0.04

 T3

3.86

1.31

2.95

0.003**

0.57

Group * Timepoint

 T2

−1.36

1.67

−0.81

0.42

−0.16

 T3

−4.71

1.67

−2.81

0.005**

−0.55

 Age

1.86

0.89

2.09

0.04*

0.58

 Sex

−2.56

2.34

−1.10

0.28

−0.31

Negative Affect

 Group

−11.12

2.11

−5.27

<0.001***

--

Timepoint

 T2

−1.52

1.08

−1.42

0.16

−0.28

 T3

−3.37

1.10

−3.08

0.002**

−0.60

Group * Timepoint

 T2

1.08

1.37

0.79

0.43

0.15

 T3

3.37

1.38

2.44

0.02*

0.48

 Age

−0.28

0.73

−0.38

0.71

−0.11

 Sex

−1.78

1.93

−0.92

0.36

−0.26

State Mindfulness

 Group

8.74

3.93

2.22

0.03*

--

Timepoint

 T2

7.48

2.27

3.29

0.0013**

0.64

 T3

4.76

2.27

2.10

0.04*

0.41

Group * Timepoint

 T2

−5.04

2.89

−1.74

0.08

−0.34

 T3

−3.82

2.89

−1.32

0.19

−0.26

 Age

1.91

1.34

1.43

0.16

0.40

 Sex

−0.44

3.52

−0.13

0.90

−0.04

State Mindfulness of Body

 Group

3.20

1.26

2.54

0.01*

--

Timepoint

 T2

3.43

0.92

3.72

<0.001***

0.72

 T3

2.57

0.92

2.79

0.006**

0.54

Group * Timepoint

 T2

−2.02

1.17

−1.72

0.09

−0.33

 T3

−1.95

1.17

−1.67

0.10

−0.32

 Age

0.27

0.40

0.69

0.49

0.19

 Sex

−0.09

1.05

−0.08

0.93

−0.02

State Mindfulness of Mind

 Group

5.53

2.86

1.93

0.06

--

Timepoint

 T2

4.05

1.59

2.55

0.01*

0.50

 T3

2.19

1.59

1.38

0.17

0.27

Group * Timepoint

 T2

−3.02

2.02

−1.50

0.14

−0.29

 T3

−1.87

2.02

−0.93

0.36

−0.18

 Age

1.63

0.98

1.66

0.10

0.47

 Sex

−0.35

2.58

−0.14

0.89

−0.04

  1. T1 Pre-training and pre-MRI, T2 Post-training and post-MRI, T3 one week follow-up.
  2. HC healthy control, ELA early-life adversity, NF neurofeedback, OBS observe, TR transfer. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.