Abstract
Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a severe acute abdominal disease. Recent evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is essential for the management of acute pancreatitis. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) possess antioxidant activity that are effective in treating various inflammatory diseases. In this study we explored the potential therapeutic effects of COS on SAP and underlying mechanisms. Mice were treated with COS (200 mg·kg−1·d−1, po) for 4 weeks, then SAP was induced in the mice by intraperitoneal injection of caerulein. We found that COS administration significantly alleviated the severity of SAP: the serum amylase and lipase levels as well as pancreatic myeloperoxidase activity were significantly reduced. COS administration suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, CXCL2 and MCP1) in the pancreas and ileums. Moreover, COS administration decreased pancreatic inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress in SAP mice, accompanied by activated Nrf2/HO-1 and inhibited TLR4/NF-κB and MAPK pathways. We further demonstrated that COS administration restored SAP-associated ileal damage and barrier dysfunction. In addition, gut microbiome analyses revealed that the beneficial effect of COS administration was associated with its ability to improve the pancreatitis-associated gut microbiota dysbiosis; in particular, probiotics Akkermansia were markedly increased, while pathogenic bacteria Escherichia–Shigella and Enterococcus were almost eliminated. The study demonstrates that COS administration remarkably attenuates SAP by reducing oxidative stress and restoring intestinal homeostasis, suggesting that COS might be a promising prebiotic agent for the treatment of SAP.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81970555), the Clinical Cultivation Research Project of Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center (SHDC12017X09), the Foundation of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine for the Research-oriented Doctors (No. 20181813).
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QXM and JHH designed the research plan, QXM and ZHH performed the research and generated the draft of the manuscript, CLH and JJF assisted in the animal experiments and YYL interpreted the results. XPW and YZ edited and revised the manuscript.
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Mei, Qx., Hu, Jh., Huang, Zh. et al. Pretreatment with chitosan oligosaccharides attenuate experimental severe acute pancreatitis via inhibiting oxidative stress and modulating intestinal homeostasis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 42, 942–953 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-00581-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-020-00581-5
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