Abstract
Almonertinib is a novel third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It is mainly metabolized by CYP3A in vitro, and N-desmethylated almonertinib (HAS-719) is the major active metabolite in human plasma. In this study, we investigated the effects of CYP3A inhibitor itraconazole and CYP3A inducer rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of almonertinib and HAS-719 in 64 healthy volunteers. We found that when co-administered with itraconazole, the maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) and the plasma exposure (AUC0–t) of almonertinib were increased by 56.3% and 2.38-fold, respectively, whereas the Cmax and AUC0–t of HAS-719 were reduced by 86.8% and 71.8%, respectively. Co-administration with rifampicin reduced the Cmax and AUC0–t of almonertinib by 79.3% and 92.6%, but the AUC0–t of HAS-719 was unexpectedly decreased by 72.5%. In vitro assays showed that both almonertinib and HAS-719 were substrates of CYP3A and P-gp. Co-administration of rifampicin in Beagle dogs reduced the fecal recovery of almonertinib and HAS-719, and markedly increased the levels of metabolites derived from further metabolism of HAS-719, which was consistent with human plasma data, suggesting that although rifampicin was also a potent inducer of P-gp, the pharmacokinetic alternation of HAS-719 was mainly due to its further metabolism but not excretion changes. Moreover, we revealed that almonertinib was a moderately sensitive substrate of CYP3A in vivo. Special attention should be paid to the interaction between almonertinib and drugs or food affecting CYP3A activity in the clinical application of almonertinib.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 82073924). We thank clinical staff of Ji-nan Central Hospital for their participating in the discussion of the clinical protocol, and being responsible for the management of the subjects and the collection of plasma samples. We are grateful for the contributions of the study sponsor, Hansoh Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd.
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LL and XYC participated in research design: LL, ZTG, NJX, HX, LY and WL conducted experiments: LL and XYC wrote the manuscript.
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Liu, L., Li, W., Yang, L. et al. Itraconazole and rifampicin, as CYP3A modulators but not P-gp modulators, affect the pharmacokinetics of almonertinib and active metabolite HAS-719 in healthy volunteers. Acta Pharmacol Sin 43, 1082–1090 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00710-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-021-00710-8
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