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Poria cocos: traditional uses, triterpenoid components and their renoprotective pharmacology

Acta Pharmacologica Sinica volume 46, pages 836–851 (2025)Cite this article

Abstract

Poria cocos and its surface layer of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Polyporaceae), are used in traditional Chinese medicine for its diuretic and renoprotective effects. Phytochemical studies have shown that lanostane and 3,4-seco-lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids are the main components of P. cocos and its surface layer. Accumulating evidence shows that triterpenoid components in P. cocos and its surface layer contribute to their renoprotective effect. The surface layer of P. cocos showed a stronger diuretic effect than P. cocos. The ethanol extract of the surface layer and its components improved acute kidney injury, acute kidney injury-to-chronic kidney disease transition and chronic kidney disease such as diabetic kidney disease, nephrotic syndrome and tubulointerstitial nephropathy, and protected against renal fibrosis. It has been elucidated that P. cocos and its surface layer exert a diuretic effect and improve kidney diseases through a variety of molecular mechanisms such as aberrant pathways TGF-β1/Smad, Wnt/β-catenin, IκB/NF-κB and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling as well as the activation of renin-angiotensin system, matrix metalloproteinases, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and endogenous metabolites. These studies further confirm the renoprotective effect of P. cocos and its surface layer and provide a beneficial basis to its clinical use in traditional medicine.

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Fig. 1: The chemical structures of lanosta-7,9(11)-diene tetracyclic triterpenoids and lanosta-8-ene tetracyclic triterpenoids.
Fig. 2: The chemical structures of 3,4-secolanosta-7,9(11)-diene tetracyclic triterpenoids, 3,4-secolanosta-8-ene tetracyclic triterpenoids and other triterpenoids.
Fig. 3: The process of renal fibrosis.
Fig. 4: Poricoic acids attenuated renal fibrosis by inhibiting RAS, TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.
Fig. 5: Poricoic acids inhibited AHR, IκB/NF-κB and enhanced Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathways in renal fibrosis.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the Shaanxi Key Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 2023-ZDLSF-26) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 82274079, 82274192, 82074002 and 81872985).

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Zhi-yuan Guo, Xin Wu, Shui-juan Zhang.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China

    Zhi-yuan Guo, Xin Wu, Shui-juan Zhang, Hua Miao & Ying-yong Zhao

  2. Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Jian-hua Yang

  3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Clinical Drug Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, China

    Jian-hua Yang

  4. State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China

    Ying-yong Zhao

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Guo, Zy., Wu, X., Zhang, Sj. et al. Poria cocos: traditional uses, triterpenoid components and their renoprotective pharmacology. Acta Pharmacol Sin 46, 836–851 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41401-024-01404-7

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