This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
References
Royal Society for Public Health. Moving the Needle. Available online at: www.rsph.org.uk/uploads/assets/uploaded/3b82db00-a7ef-494c-85451e78ce18a779.pdf (Accessed September 2019).
Fazio L K, Brashier N M, Payne B K and Marsh E J. Knowledge does not protect against illusory truth. J Experi Psychol 2015; 144: 993-1002.
Daily Beast. News release: Anti-vaccine Facebook ads target women in measles-stricken states. Published 14 February 2019 online at: www.thedailybeast.com/anti-vaccine-facebook-ads-target-women-in-measles-stricken-states (Accessed September 2019).
NHS Digital. Childhood Vaccination Coverage Statistics - England 2018-19. Available online at: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/nhs-immunisation-statistics/england-2018-19 (Accessed September 2019).
McPherson C A et al. An Evaluation of Neurotoxicity Following Fluoride Exposure from Gestational Through Adult Ages in Long-Evans Hooded Rats. Neurotox Res 2018; 34: 781-798.
Green R et al. Association Between Maternal Fluoride Exposure During Pregnancy and IQ Scores in Offspring in Canada. JAMA Paediatr 2019; 1729. [Epub ahead of print].
NHS. No proof that a mother's intake of fluoride in pregnancy affects their child's IQ. Available online at: https://www.nhs.uk/news/pregnancy-and-child/no-proof-mothers-intake-fluoride-pregnancy-affects-their-childs-iq/ (Accessed September 2019).
Allukian Jr and Alwafi A. Anti-Fluoridation Activities on the Internet and Social Media: A Professional Challenge. J Mass Dent Soc 2014; 63: 32-36.
Basch H C, Milano N and Hillyer G C. An assessment of fluoride related posts on Instagram. Health Promot Perspect 2019; 9: 85-88.
DeLong G. A lowered probability of pregnancy in females in the USA aged 25-29 who received a human papillomavirus vaccine injection. J Toxicol Environ Health 2018; 81: 661-674.
World Health Organisation. Ten threats to global health in 2019. Available online at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/ten-threats-to-global-health-in-2019 (Accessed September 2019).
Keelan J, Pavri-Garcia V, Tomlinson G, Wilson K. YouTube as a source of information on immunisation: a content analysis. JAMA 2007; 298: 2482-2484.
Keelan J. An analysis of the human papilloma virus vaccine debate on MySpace blogs. Vaccine 2010; 28: 1535-1540.
Wellcome. Wellcome Global Monitor. How does the world feel about science and health? Available online at: https://wellcome.ac.uk/sites/default/files/wellcome-global-monitor-2018.pdf (Accessed September 2019).
The London School of Economics and Political Science. Tackling the Information Crisis: A Policy Framework for Media System Resilience. Available online at: http://www.lse.ac.uk/media-and-communications/assets/documents/research/T3-Report-Tackling-the-Information-Crisis-v6.pdf (Accessed September 2019).
Buzzfeed news. News release: Unvaccinated Children Are Now Barred From Going To School In New York — And Their Anti-Vax Parents Are Really Mad. Posted online 20 September 2019. Available online at: https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ellievhall/vaccination-school-law-new-york-anti-vaxx-parents (Accessed September 2019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Westgarth, D. How dangerous is the spread of online misinformation?. BDJ In Pract 32, 10–15 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41404-019-0192-3
Published:
Version of record:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41404-019-0192-3
This article is cited by
-
Harmful misinformation
BDJ In Practice (2021)