Fig. 3: Tooth characteristics.

A The patient’s tooth showed a significant reduction in mineral density compared with controls. B Surface roughness values of the patient’s tooth was significantly higher than those of controls. C Microhardness values of the patient’s enamel and dentin were significantly reduced compared with those of controls. D The patient’s dentin demonstrated a significantly decrease in carbon content, but significant increases in oxygen, phosphorus, and calcium levels, compared with those in controls.