Table 4 a Negative forces obtained during the upward pecking motions. The significant differences are in favor of the groups noted in the column; b Torques obtained during the upward pecking motions. The significant differences are in favor of the groups noted in the column.

From: Influence of the rotation angles on the mechanical behavior of the one reci instrument

  1. Group 1: 170°/60°; Group 2: 150°/60°; Group 3: 170°/30°; Group 4: 170°/90°; Group 5: 210°/60°. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.
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