Table 2 Pre- and post-intervention mean scores of behavioral constructs show p-values as <0.001.

From: Effectiveness of personalized oral health education with behavioural modification using HAPA-MI constructs and oral care kit in residents of informal settlements

 

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

p value

Outcome expectancy (OE)

Mean

S.D

Mean

S.D

 

If I brush my teeth regularly I expect to be free from tooth and gum diseases (OE1)

2.4222

0.89160

4.0444

0.76739

<0.001

If I floss my teeth regularly I expect to be free from gingivitis and periodontitis (OE2)

2.2000

1.07872

4.2222

0.73512

<0.001

If I do not brush my teeth regularly, I perceive the risk of tooth and gum diseases (OE3)

2.6222

0.96032

4.2000

0.72614

<0.001

If I do not floss my teeth regularly I perceive the risk of gingivitis and periodontitis (OE4)

2.5111

1.16037

4.1333

0.75679

<0.001

Tobacco habits can affect teeth and gums adversely (OE5)

2.7333

1.15601

4.1778

0.74739

<0.001

Self - efficacy (SE)

     

Are you confident that you are following right brushing technique? (SE1)

1.7778

0.99747

3.7778

0.84984

<0.001

Are you confident that you are following right flossing technique? (SE2)

2.0222

1.21522

3.9333

1.23215

<0.001

Are you willing to give up your habits for better oral health? (SE3)

1.8000

0.66058

3.5778

1.43794

<0.001

Brushing teeth twice daily is good oral hygiene practice (SE4)

2.0667

1.25045

3.7556

0.82999

<0.001

Flossing teeth daily is good oral hygiene practice (SE5)

1.7556

0.67942

3.8444

0.87790

<0.001

We should visit dental hospital/clinic once in every 6 months (SE6)

2.0222

0.94120

4.0000

0.70711

<0.001

Intention (I)

     

Do you intend to improve your oral hygiene habits that will improve not only oral health but also systemic health (I1)

2.0222

0.81153

4.4000

0.53936

<0.001

Do you intend to brush twice a day and floss once a day which will prevent oral diseases (I2)

1.8444

0.67270

4.0000

0.95346

<0.001

Do you intend to believe that you need to visit to dentist every 6 months for regular check up (I3)

2.0222

0.75344

4.0889

0.82082

<0.001

Do you know intend to visit the dentist in addition to toothache when you have the complaint of gum bleeding, ulcer or bad breath etc. (I4)

1.8000

0.78625

4.7333

0.44721

<0.001

Perceived barriers (PB)

     

Do you know that you need to brush immediately after having sticky food? (PB1)

1.7333

0.80904

4.0889

0.76343

<0.001

Are you aware that eating fiber-rich food keep you protected from dental disease? (PB2)

1.8889

0.88478

4.0222

0.72265

<0.001

In addition to toothbrush we need to use dental aids specific to our requirements like floss, mouthrinse, interdental brushes etc (PB3)

1.9556

0.99899

4.0226

0.72265

<0.001

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