Table 3 Results of risk of bias assessment

From: Brain mechanisms of oral multisensory processing related to oral health: a systematic review of neuroimaging findings

Criteria for assessment of risk of bias

 

Systemic condition

Oral function

Motion correction

Task comparison

Threshold

Higher risk

Patients with major systemic diseases were included

The participants with potential deficits in oral sensorimotor function were included

No assessment or correction for head motion was performed

The stimulation task was confounded by baseline factors (no comparison)

Imaging data were not corrected for multiple comparison.

Unclear risk

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Not reported

Lower risk

Patients with major systemic diseases were excluded

The participants with potential deficits in oral sensorimotor function were excluded

Head motion was examined at the individual basis or using automatic registration

The stimulation task was well controlled by comparing to a baseline condition

Imaging data were corrected for multiple comparison.

Results of assessment of risk of bias

Narita 2023

2.1

2.1

U

3.2

2.6

Ishii 2023

p.2

p.3

U

p.7

p.6

Schumann-Werner 2023

p.924

U

p.926

p.926

p.927

Suen 2021

p.3

U

p.6

p.3

p.6

Henderson 2016

Ua

U

p.642

p.641

p.642

Hort 2016

U

Ub

p.2267

p.2267

p.2267

Hilbert 2014

p.2

U

p.3

p.2

p.3

Kagawa 2014

p.2

U

U

p.2

p.2

Yamaguchi 2014

p.143

U

n.a.

p.144

n.a.

Eldeghaidy 2011

U

U

p.166, p.167

p.165

c

Okamoto 2009

U

p.130

p.130

p.130

p.130

Etzel 2008

p.2

U

U

p.2

p.4

Schulz 2003

p.158

U

U

p.158

n.a.

  1. n.a. not available, U uncertain.
  2. aParticipants were pain-free.
  3. bTaste assessment was conducted.
  4. cThe results were corrected for multiple comparison in the analysis of main effect but not for the effect of cross-modal interaction.
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