Fig. 4: 1-year meta-analysis of marginal bone loss (MBL).

a Forest plot illustrating effect sizes (Hedges’ d) for MBL with 95% confidence intervals across studies (without the high risk of bias study). b Forest plot illustrating effect sizes (Hedges’ d) for MBL with 95% confidence intervals across studies (with the high risk of bias study). c Cumulative meta-analysis plot tracking changes in the combined effect size estimates over time. d Funnel plot assessing publication bias with Egger’s test.