Table 2 Univariate and multivariable analysis for risk factors for progression in smoldering multiple myeloma

From: Risk stratification of smoldering multiple myeloma incorporating revised IMWG diagnostic criteria

Risk factor

Time to progression, months, median (95% CI)

Univariate modela

Multivariable modela,b

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p

Hazard ratio (95% CI)

p

Gender

     

• Male (n = 245)

55.0 (41.0–109.8)

0.95 (0.70–1.29)

0.735

NI

• Female (n = 176)

57.3 (43.3–73.2)

BMPC percentage

     

• >20% (n = 142)

29.8 (15.9–35.9)

2.79 (2.05–3.81)

<0.0001

2.28 (1.63–3.20)

<0.0001

• ≤20% (n = 279)

83.1 (64.9–126.9)

Serum M-protein

     

• >2 g/dL (n = 195)

38.3 (29.8–44.4)

2.07 (1.51–2.85)

<0.0001

1.56 (1.11–2.20)

0.010

• ≤2 g/dL (n = 222)

109.8 (63.0–NR)

FLCr

     

• >20 (n = 125)

30.8 (19.8–40.6)

2.23 (1.63–3.04)

<0.0001

2.13 (1.55–2.93)

<0.0001

• ≤20 (n = 296)

83.1 (63.0–109.8)

Immunoparesis

     

• Present (n = 262)

50.6 (40.6–67.8)

1.59 (1.07–2.45)

0.022

1.01 (0.66–1.60)

0.957

• Absent (n = 110)

109.8 (58.1–NR)

M-protein isotype

     

• IgG (n = 319)

57.3 (43.5–72.2)

0.94 (0.67–1.37)

0.761

NI

• Non-IgG (n = 102)

62.1 (35.0–105.0)

• IgA (n = 83)

65.1 (35.0–NR)

1.04 (0.70–1.51)

0.823

NI

• Non-IgA (n = 338)

55.0 (43.4–69.1)

  1. Values in bold indicate statistically significant p-values
  2. Abbreviations as explained in Table 1; NI not included in the analysis, NR not reached
  3. a Cox proportional hazards model
  4. b N = 370 for the full model for multivariable analysis incorporating age, BMPC%, serum M-protein, FLCr, immunoparesis, and M-protein isotype; N = 417 for the final model after backward selection incorporating BMPC%, serum M-protein, and FLCr