Fig. 1

DNMT3A and TET2 mutations are the most common mutations in rheumatoid arthritis patients. a The prevalence of patients with mutations in different genes. b The percentages of frameshift, nonsense, missense, and splice site mutations identified in RA and AA/hMDS patients. c Truncating mutations have higher VAFs than missense mutations (Mann–Whitney test P = 0.0191). d The overall prevalence (reported as percentage) of CH in RA and AA/hMDS are shown, and the proportions of patients with one or multiple mutations are shown in color. e The percentage of different single-nucleotide base changes of all single-base changes. f The cumulative prevalence of CH (as percentage) in RA patients. The bars show the percentage of patients with CH in different age groups. The absolute numbers of patients with CH and the number of patients in each age group are also shown in the figure. g The median ages of RA patients with/without CH did not show statistically significant difference (Mann–Whitney test P = 0.31). h The neutrophil counts of RA patients seem to decrease during follow-up, but there was no difference between patients with/without CH. i The mean corpuscular volume (MCV) increases during follow-up in RA patients, but there was no difference between patient with/without CH. The analysis was performed using a linear mixed model and the P-values are based on post-hoc tests (Sidak correction) on time as a main effect. CH, clonal hematopoiesis; VAF, variant allele frequency; fs, frameshift